[His saying, Exalted is He: "Then fight the leaders of disbelief"]
[The first aspect]
10020 - Muhammad ibn 'Abd Allah ibn Maymun al-Iskandarani narrated to us, al-Walid ibn Muslim narrated to us, Safwan ibn 'Amr narrated to us from 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Jubayr ibn Nufayr, that during the reign of Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, when he directed the people toward al-Sham, he said: "You will find a people who have shaved their heads; strike the seats of Satan among them with swords. By Allah, that I should kill a man from among them is more beloved to me than that I should kill seventy from others; and that is because Allah says: 'Then fight the leaders of disbelief.'"
The second aspect:
10021 - Yunus ibn Habib narrated to us, Abu Dawud narrated to us, Shu'bah narrated to us from Abu Bishr, who heard Mujahid reporting from Ibn 'Umar regarding the saying of Allah: "Then fight the leaders of disbelief, for they have no oaths." He said: Abu Sufyan ibn Harb is one of them. Abu Muhammad said: Meaning before he embraced Islam. It was also narrated from Sa'id ibn Jubayr the same.
10022 - My father narrated to us, Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-A'la narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Thawr narrated to us from Ma'mar, who said: Qatadah said: "The leaders of disbelief are Abu Sufyan, Abu Jahl, Umayyah ibn Khalaf, Suhayl ibn 'Amr, and 'Utbah ibn Rabi'ah."
10023 - My father narrated to us, 'Abd al-'Aziz ibn Munib narrated to us, Abu Mu'adh al-Nahwi narrated to us from 'Ali ibn Sulayman from al-Dahhak: "Then fight the leaders of disbelief," meaning: the heads of the polytheists from the people of Mecca.
The third aspect:
10024 - Ahmad ibn Sinan narrated to us, Abu Mu'awiyah narrated to us, al-A'mash narrated to us from Zayd ibn Wahb from Hudhayfah, who said: This verse was mentioned in his presence: "Then fight the leaders of disbelief." He said: "The people of this verse have not been fought yet."
The fourth aspect:
10025 - Muhammad ibn Sa'd al-'Awfi informed me—in what he wrote to me—, my father narrated to us, my uncle al-Husayn narrated to us from his father from his grandfather from Ibn 'Abbas: "Then fight the leaders of disbelief," meaning: the people of the treaty from among the polytheists; He named them the leaders of disbelief."
[قوله تعالى: فقاتلوا أئمة الكفر]
[الوجه الأول]
١٠٠٢٠ - حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ الإِسْكَنْدَرَانِيُّ ثنا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ ثنا صَفْوَانَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ نُفَيْرٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ فِي عَهْدِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ إِلَى النَّاسِ حِينَ وَجَّهَهُمْ إِلَى الشَّامِ قَالَ: إِنَّكُمْ سَتَجِدُونَ قَوْمًا محوقة رؤوسهم فاضربوا مقاعد الشيطان منهم بالسيوف فو الله لأَنْ أَقْتُلَ رَجُلا مِنْهُمْ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أَقْتُلَ سَبْعِينَ مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ وَذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ الله يقول فَقَاتِلُوا أَئِمَّةَ الْكُفْرِ
وَالْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي:
١٠٠٢١ - حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ ثنا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ أَبِي بِشْرٍ سَمِعَ مُجَاهِدًا يُحَدِّثُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ فَقَاتِلُوا أَئِمَّةَ الْكُفْرِ إِنَّهُمْ لَا أَيْمَانَ لَهُمْ قَالَ: أَبُو سُفْيَانَ بْنُ حَرْبٍ مِنْهُمْ، قَالَ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ: يعني قبل أني يُسْلِمْ. وَرُوِيَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ مِثْلُهُ.
١٠٠٢٢ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الأَعْلَى ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ثَوْرٍ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ قَالَ:
قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: أَئِمَّةُ الْكُفْرِ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ، وَأَبُو جَهْلٍ وَأُمَيَّةُ بْنُ خَلَفٍ وَسُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو وَعُتْبَةُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ.
١٠٠٢٣ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُنِيبٍ ثنا أَبُو مُعَاذٍ النحوي عن علي بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ فَقَاتِلُوا أَئِمَّةَ الْكُفْرِ يعني: رؤوس الْمُشْرِكِينَ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ.
وَالْوَجْهُ الثَّالِثُ:
١٠٠٢٤ - حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ ثنا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ ثنا الأَعْمَشُ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ قَالَ: ذَكَرُوا عِنْدَهُ هَذِهِ الآيَةَ فَقَاتِلُوا أَئِمَّةَ الْكُفْرِ قَالَ: مَا قُوتِلَ أَهْلُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ بَعْدُ.
الْوَجْهُ الرَّابِعُ:
١٠٠٢٥ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ الْعَوْفِيُّ- فِيمَا كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ- ثنا أَبِي ثنا عَمِّي الْحُسَيْنُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فَقَاتِلُوا أَئِمَّةَ الْكُفْرِ يَعْنِي: أَهْلَ الْعَهْدِ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ سَمَّاهُمْ أَئِمَّةَ الْكُفْرِ.
