and said: O people, this nation will be tried in its graves... When a person is buried and his companions depart from him, an angel comes to him with a mace in his hand and makes him sit up. He says: What do you say about this man? If he is a believer, he says: I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and that Muhammad is His servant and messenger. He says to him: You have spoken the truth. Then a door is opened for him to the Fire, and he says to him: This would have been your place had you disbelieved in your Lord, but since you believed, this is your place. Then a door is opened for him to Paradise, and he wishes to rise toward it, but he says to him: Remain at peace, and his grave is expanded for him.
And if he is a disbeliever or a hypocrite, it is said to him: What do you say about this man? He says: I do not know... I heard the people saying something. He says: You did not know, you did not recite, and you were not guided. Then a door is opened for him to Paradise and he says: This is your place had you believed in your Lord, but since you disbelieved in Him, Allah has replaced it for you with this. A door is opened for him to the Fire, then he strikes him with the mace, a strike heard by all of Allah's creation except for the two jinn and mankind. Some of the people said: O Messenger of Allah, there is no one whom an angel approaches with a mace in his hand who would not be terrified by that. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Allah keeps firm those who believe, with the firm word" (1).
12270 - From Tawus (may Allah be pleased with him) regarding "Allah keeps firm those who believe, with the firm word in the worldly life," he said: There is no god but Allah; "and in the Hereafter," he said: The questioning in the grave (2).
12271 - From Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) regarding His saying: "Allah keeps firm those who believe, with the firm word in the worldly life and in the Hereafter," he said: As for the worldly life, He keeps them firm with goodness and righteous deeds; and as for His saying: "and in the Hereafter," it refers to in the grave (3).
His saying, the Exalted: "Those who exchanged the favor of Allah for disbelief and led their people to the house of perdition."
12272 - My father narrated to us, Muslim ibn Ibrahim narrated to us, Shu'bah narrated to us, from al-Qasim ibn Abi Bazzah, from Abu al-Tufayl: Ibn al-Kawwa' asked Ali about: "Those who exchanged the favor of Allah for disbelief and led their people to the house of perdition." He said: They are the disbelievers of Quraysh on the day of Badr (4).
12273 - My father narrated to us, Ibn Nufayl narrated to us, he said: I read to Ma'qil, from Ibn Abi
(1). Al-Durr 5/31. (2). Al-Durr 5/33. (3). Al-Durr 5/33. (4). Ibn Kathir 4/417.
وَسَلَّمَ جنازة فقال: يا أيها الناس، إِنَّ هذه الأمة تبتلى في قبورها ... فإذا الإنسان دفن فتفرق عنه أصحابه، جاءه ملك في يده مطراق فأقعده قَالَ: مَا تقول في هَذَا الرجل؟ فإن كَانَ مؤمنًا قَالَ: أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّداً عبده ورسوله.
فَيَقُولُ لَهُ: صدقت. ثُمَّ يفتح لَهُ باب إِلَى النَّار فَيَقُولُ لَهُ: هَذَا كَانَ منزلك لو كفرت بربك، فأما إِذَا آمنت فهذا منزلك. فيفتح لَهُ باب إِلَى الْجَنَّة، فيريد إِنَّ ينهض إليه فَيَقُولُ لَهُ: اسكن.، يفسح لَهُ في قبره.
وإن كَانَ كافرًا أو منافقًا، قِيلَ لَهُ: مَا تقول في هَذَا الرجل؟ فَيَقُولُ: لا أدري ... سمعت الناس يقولون شيئًا. فَيَقُولُ: لا دريت ولا تليت ولا اهتديت. ثُمَّ يفتح لَهُ باب إِلَى الْجَنَّة فَيَقُولُ: هَذَا منزلك لو آمنت بربك، فأما إذ كفرت به، فإن الله أبدلك منه هَذَا، ويفتح لَهُ باب إِلَى النَّار، ثُمَّ يقمعه مقمعة بالمطراق يسمعها خلق الله كلها غير الثقلين. فقال بعض القوم: يا رَسُول الله، مَا أحد يقوم عليه ملك في يده مطراق إلا هبل عند ذَلِكَ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُثَبِّتُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِالْقَوْلِ الثَّابِتِ «١» .
١٢٢٧٠ - عَنْ طَاوُسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يُثَبِّتُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِالْقَوْلِ الثَّابِتِ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا قَالَ: لا إله إلا الله وَفِي الآخِرَةِ قَالَ: المسألة في القبر «٢» .
١٢٢٧١ - عَنْ قَتَادَة رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِي قَوْلِهِ: يُثَبِّتُ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِالْقَوْلِ الثَّابِتِ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَفِي الآخِرَةِ قَالَ: أما الحياة الدُّنْيَا، فيثبتهم بالخير والعمل الصالح، وأما قوله: وَفِي الآخِرَةِ ففي القبر «٣» .
قَوْلهُ تَعَالَى: الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَتَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ
١٢٢٧٢ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنِ القَاسِم بن أَبِي بزة، عَنْ أَبِي الطُّفَيْل: إِنَّ ابْنَ الكَوَّاء سَأَلَ عليًا عَنْ: الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَتَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ قَالَ: كفار قريش يَوْم بدر «٤» .
١٢٢٧٣ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا ابن نُفَيْل قَالَ: قرأت عَلَى معقل، عن ابن أبي
