12588 - From Ibn Abbas, he said: The "Hafadah" are the children of a man's wife who are not from him (1).
12589 - From Abu Malik, he said: The "Hafadah" are the helpers (2).
12590 - From Ikrimah, he said: The "Hafadah" are the servants (3).
12591 - From al-Hasan, he said: The "Hafadah" are the sons and the sons' sons, and whoever helps you from among your family or a servant has served you (4).
His saying, the Almighty: "Do they then believe in falsehood?"
12592 - From Qatadah regarding His saying: "Do they then believe in falsehood?" he said: It is Shirk (associating partners with Allah) (5).
12593 - From Qatadah regarding His saying: "And they worship besides Allah that which owns no provision for them from the heavens and the earth," he said: These are the idols that are worshipped besides Allah; they possess neither provision, nor harm, nor benefit, nor life, nor resurrection for those who worship them. "So do not set forth parables for Allah," for He is One, the Self-Sufficient Master (as-Samad), He begets not, nor is He begotten, and there is none co-equal or comparable unto Him (6).
12594 - From Ibn Abbas regarding His saying: "So do not set forth parables for Allah," meaning their taking of idols. He says: Do not place a god with Me other than Me, for there is no god other than Me (7).
His saying, the Almighty: "Allah sets forth a parable: a slave under the ownership of another with no power over anything"
12595 - From Ibn Abbas regarding His saying: "Allah sets forth a parable: a slave under the ownership of another with no power over anything," meaning the disbeliever, for he is unable to spend any spending in the way of Allah. "And [on the other hand is] one whom We have provided from Ourselves a good provision, so he spends from it secretly and openly," meaning the believer; and this is the parable regarding spending (8).
12596 - From Qatadah regarding His saying: "Allah sets forth a parable: a slave under the ownership of another," he said: This is a parable set forth by Allah for the disbeliever; Allah provided him wealth, yet he did not offer any good from it, nor did he act in it with obedience to Allah. "And [on the other hand is] one whom We have provided from Ourselves a good provision," he said: He is the believer; Allah gave him wealth as a lawful provision, so he acted in it with obedience to Allah, and he acquired it with gratitude and acknowledgment of the right of Allah, so Allah rewarded him for what He provided him with the lasting, permanent provision for its people in Paradise. Allah says: "Are they equal as a parable?" He said: No, by Allah, they are not equal (9).
(1). Al-Durr 5/146-149. (2). Al-Durr 5/146-149. (3). Al-Durr 5/146-149. (4). Al-Durr 5/146-149. (5). Al-Durr 5/146-149. (6). Al-Durr 5/146-149. (7). Al-Durr 5/146-149. [...] (8). Al-Durr 5/146-149. (9). Al-Durr 5/149-151.
١٢٥٨٨ - عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: الحفدة بنو امرأة الرجل لَيْسُوا منه «١» .
١٢٥٨٩ - عَنْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ قَالَ: الحفدة الأعوان «٢» .
١٢٥٩٠ - عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ قَالَ: الحفدة الخدم «٣» .
١٢٥٩١ - عَنْ الحسن قَالَ: الحفدة البنون وبنو البنين، ومن أعانك مِنَ اهْل أو خادم فقد حفدك «٤» .
قَوْلهُ تَعَالَى: أَفَبِالْبَاطِلِ يُؤْمِنُونَ
١٢٥٩٢ - عَنْ قَتَادَة فِي قَوْلِهِ: أَفَبِالْبَاطِلِ يُؤْمِنُونَ قَالَ: الشرك «٥» .
١٢٥٩٣ - عَنْ قَتَادَة فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَيَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ مَا لا يَمْلِكُ لَهُمْ رزقا من السماوات وَالأَرْضِ قَالَ: هَذِهِ الأَوْثَانُ الَّتِي تُعْبَدُ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ، لا تملك لمن يعبدها رزقًا ولا ضرًا ولا نفعًا ولا حياة ولا نشورا فَلا تَضْرِبُوا لِلَّهِ الأَمْثَالَ فإنه أحد صمد لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ «٦» .
١٢٥٩٤ - عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: فَلا تَضْرِبُوا لِلَّهِ الأَمْثَالَ يَعْنِي اتخاذهم الأصنام. يَقُولُ: لا تجعلوا معي إلهًا غيري، فإنه لا إله غيري «٧» .
قَوْلهُ تَعَالَى: ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلا عَبْدًا مَمْلُوكًا لا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ
١٢٥٩٥ - عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلا عَبْدًا مَمْلُوكًا لا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ يَعْنِي الكافر، إنه لا يستطيع إِنَّ ينفق نفقة في سبيل الله وَمَنْ رَزَقْنَاهُ مِنَّا رِزْقًا حَسَنًا فَهُوَ يُنْفِقُ مِنْهُ سِرًّا وَجَهْرًا يَعْنِي المُؤْمِن وهو المثل في النفقة «٨» .
١٢٥٩٦ - عَنْ قَتَادَة فِي قَوْلِهِ: ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلا عَبْدًا مَمْلُوكًا قَالَ: هَذَا مثل ضربه الله للكافر رزقه الله مالاً فلم يقدم فيه خيرًا ولم يعمل فيه بطاعة الله وَمَنْ رَزَقْنَاهُ مِنَّا رِزْقًا حَسَنًا قَالَ: هُوَ المُؤْمِن أعطاه الله مالًا رزقًا حلالًا، فعمل فيه بطاعة الله، وأخذه بشكر ومعرفة حق الله، فأثابه الله عَلَى مَا رزقه الرزق المقيم الدائم لأهله في الْجَنَّة. قَالَ الله: هَلْ يَسْتَوِيَانِ مَثَلا قَالَ: لا والله لا يستويان «٩» .
