12597 - From Mujahid regarding His saying: "Allah sets forth a parable: a slave under the ownership of another with no power over anything... and one whom We have provided from Ourselves a good provision... and two men, one of them dumb, and [the other] who commands justice?" He said: All of this is a parable for the true God, and what they call upon besides Him is falsehood (1).
12598 - From al-Hasan regarding His saying: "Allah sets forth a parable: a slave under the ownership of another with no power over anything," he said: The idol (2).
12599 - From al-Rabi’ ibn Anas, he said: Indeed, Allah set forth parables according to deeds; there is no good deed except that it has a good parable, and no evil deed except that it has an evil parable. He also said: The likeness of the learned scholar is like a path between trees and a mountain, for it is straight, and nothing deviates it; that is the likeness of the believing servant who read the Quran and acted upon it (3).
12601 - From Ibn Abbas, he said: This verse, "Allah sets forth a parable: a slave under the ownership of another with no power over anything," was revealed regarding a man from Quraish and his slave, regarding Hisham ibn Amr, who is the one who spends his wealth secretly and openly, and his slave Abu al-Jawza', who used to forbid him (4).
12602 - From Ibn Abbas, he said: The slave has no right to divorce except with the permission of his master. And he recited: "A slave under the ownership of another with no power over anything" (5).
12603 - From Ibn Abbas regarding His saying: "Allah sets forth a parable: two men, one of them dumb..." to the end of the verse. He means by the dumb man—who is a burden upon his master—the disbeliever. And by His saying: "and [the other] who commands justice," the believer. This parable is regarding deeds (6).
His saying, the Almighty: "And [the other] who commands justice"
12604 - From Ibn Abbas regarding His saying: "And who commands justice," he said: Uthman ibn Affan (7).
12605 - From al-Suddi regarding the verse, he said: This is a parable also set forth by Allah for the deities. As for the dumb one, it is the idol, for it is dumb and does not speak, and it is a burden upon its master; they spend on it and on whoever comes to it, while it does not spend on them nor does it provide for them. "Are they equal... and [the other] who commands justice?" and that is Allah (8).
(1). Al-Durr 5/149-151. (2). Al-Durr 5/149-151. (3). Al-Durr 5/149-151. (4). Al-Durr 5/149-151. (5). Al-Durr 5/149-151. (6). Al-Durr 5/149-151. (7). Al-Durr 5/151-153. (8). Al-Durr 5/151-153.
١٢٥٩٧ - عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلا عَبْدًا مَمْلُوكًا لا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ وَمَنْ رزقناه منا رزقا حسنا ورجلين أَحَدُهُمَا أَبْكَمُ وَمَنْ يَأْمُرُ بِالْعَدْلِ قَالَ: كُلّ هَذَا مثل إله الحق، وما يدعون مِنْ دونه الباطل «١» .
١٢٥٩٨ - عَنْ الحسن فِي قَوْلِهِ: ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلا عَبْدًا مَمْلُوكًا لا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ قَالَ: الصنم «٢» .
١٢٥٩٩ - عَنْ الرَّبِيعِ بن أنس قَالَ: إِنَّ الله ضرب الأمثال عَلَى حسب الأعمال، فليس عمل صالح، إلا لَهُ المثل الصالح، وليس عمل سوء، إلا لَهُ مثل سوء، وَقَالَ:
إِنَّ مثل العالم المتفهم، كطريق بين شجر وجبل، فهو مستقيم لا يعوجه شيء، فذلك مثل الْعَبْد المُؤْمِن الّذِي قرأ القرآن وعمل به «٣» .
١٢٦٠١ - عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: قَالَ: نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلا عَبْدًا مَمْلُوكًا لا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ في رجل مِنْ قريش وعبده، في هشام بن عمر، وهو الّذِي ينفق ماله سرًا وجهرًا، وفي عبده أَبِي الجوزاء الّذِي كَانَ ينهاه «٤» .
١٢٦٠٢ - عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: ليس للعبد طلاق إلا بإذن سيده. وقرأ: عَبْدًا مَمْلُوكًا لا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ «٥» .
١٢٦٠٣ - عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلا رَجُلَيْنِ أَحَدُهُمَا أَبْكَمُ إِلَى آخر الآية. يَعْنِي بالأبكم الّذِي هُوَ كُلّ عَلَى مولاه الكافر. وبقوله:
وَمَنْ يَأْمُرُ بِالْعَدْلِ المُؤْمِن. وهذا المثل في الأعمال «٦» .
قَوْلهُ تَعَالَى: وَمَنْ يَأْمُرُ بِالْعَدْلِ
١٢٦٠٤ - عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَمَنْ يَأْمُرُ بالعدل قال: عثمان ابن عفان «٧» .
١٢٦٠٥ - عَنْ السُّدِّيِّ في الآية قَالَ: هَذَا مثل ضربه الله للآلهة أيضًا. أما الأبكم فالصنم، فإنه أبكم لا ينطق وَهُوَ كُلّ عَلَى مَوْلاهُ ينفقون عليه وَعَلَى مِنْ يأتيه، ولا ينفق هُوَ عَلَيْهِمْ ولا يرزقهم هَلْ يَسْتَوِي هُوَ وَمَنْ يَأْمُرُ بِالْعَدْلِ وهو الله «٨» .
(١) . الدر ٥/ ١٤٩- ١٥١.(٢) . الدر ٥/ ١٤٩- ١٥١.(٣) . الدر ٥/ ١٤٩- ١٥١.(٤) . الدر ٥/ ١٤٩- ١٥١.(٥) . الدر ٥/ ١٤٩- ١٥١.(٦) . الدر ٥/ ١٤٩- ١٥١.(٧) . الدر ٥/ ١٥١- ١٥٣.(٨) . الدر ٥/ ١٥١- ١٥٣.
