12635 - From Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with both of them, regarding His saying: "Indeed, Allah commands justice," he said: The testimony that there is no god but Allah. "And excellence," he said: Performing the obligatory duties. "And the giving to relatives," he said: Giving those related by blood the right that Allah has made obligatory upon you due to kinship and blood relation. "And He forbids immorality," he said: Adultery. "And bad conduct," he said: Polytheism. "And oppression," he said: Arrogance and injustice. "He admonishes you," he said: He instructs you. "That perhaps you will remember."

12636 - From Muhammad ibn Ka'b al-Qurazi, who said: 'Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz called me and said: Describe justice to me. I said: Well done... You have asked about a momentous matter. Be like a father to the young people, a son to the old, a brother to their peers, and likewise for women. Punish people according to the measure of their sins and according to the measure of their strength (or bodies), and do not strike a single unjust lash in your anger, lest you be among the transgressors.

12637 - From al-Sha'bi, who said: Jesus, son of Mary, said: Indeed, excellence (ihsan) is that you do good to those who have done evil to you. And Allah knows best.

12638 - From Mazida ibn Jabir regarding the saying of the Almighty: "And fulfill the covenant of Allah when you have taken it," he said: This verse was revealed regarding the pledge of allegiance to the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. Whoever accepted Islam pledged allegiance to Islam. So He said: "And fulfill the covenant of Allah when you have taken it, and do not break oaths after their confirmation," so let not the small number of Muhammad and his companions and the large number of the polytheists cause you to break the pledge that you have made to Islam.

His saying, the Almighty: "And do not break oaths after their confirmation."

12639 - From Mujahid regarding His saying: "And do not break oaths after their confirmation," he said: Making them firm in swearing. "And you have made Allah, over you, a witness," he said: A guarantor.

His saying, the Almighty: "And you have made Allah, over you, a witness."

12640 - From Sa'id ibn Jubayr regarding His saying: "And do not break oaths after their confirmation," meaning after making them firm and strengthening them. "And you have made Allah, over you, a witness," meaning a witness over the covenant.