His saying, the Almighty: "And We did not send before you, [O Muhammad], any of the messengers..."
15045 - Muhammad ibn Yahya narrated to us, al-'Abbas ibn al-Walid reported to us, Yazid ibn Zuray', Sa'id reported to us, from Qatadah regarding His saying: "And We did not send before you, [O Muhammad], any of the messengers except that they ate food and walked in the markets," meaning: the messengers before Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, were of this status; they ate food and walked in the markets.
His saying, the Almighty: "And We have made some of you for others [a] trial, will you have patience? And your Lord is ever, Seeing."
[The First Aspect]
15046 - Yunus ibn 'Abd al-A'la narrated to us, 'Abd Allah ibn Wahb reported to us, Makhramah informed me, from his father, from 'Ubayd Allah ibn Rifa'ah, from Abu Rafi' al-Zuraqi, he said: A man said: "O Messenger of Allah, how do you view our servants? They are a Muslim people, they pray our prayers and fast our fasts, yet we strike them." So the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "Their sins and your punishment of them will be weighed; if your punishment of them is greater than their sins, they will take from you [as restitution]." They said: "What do you think about our insulting them?" He said: "Their sins and your harm to them will be weighed; if your harm to them is greater, they will be given [restitution] from you." The man said: "I do not know of an enemy clearer to me than they are." Then the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, recited this verse: "And We have made some of you for others [a] trial, will you have patience? And your Lord is ever, Seeing." The man said: "What do you think, O Messenger of Allah, about my children, I strike them?" He said: "You are not to be suspected regarding your own children, nor does your soul find it acceptable that you be full while they are hungry, or that you be clothed while they are naked."
The Second Aspect:
15047 - Abu Sa'id al-Ashaj narrated to us, Ibn 'Ulayyah reported to us, from Abu Raja', 'Abd al-Quddus informed me, from al-Hasan regarding [the verse]: "And We have made some of you for others [a] trial, will you have patience? And your Lord is ever, Seeing," he said: "This poor person says: 'If Allah had willed, He would have made me wealthy like such-and-such,' and this sick person says: 'If Allah had willed, He would have made me healthy like such-and-such.'"
15048 - 'Ali ibn al-Hasan narrated to us, Ja'far ibn Musafir reported to us, Yahya ibn Hassan reported to us, Rushayd ibn Sa'd reported to us, from al-Hasan ibn Thawban, from 'Ikrimah regarding His saying: "And We have made some of you for others [a] trial, will you have patience?" He said: "It is the inequality in the world, in power, and the overpowering of some of you over others; this is the trial which Allah mentioned: 'And your Lord is ever, Seeing.'"
15049 - 'Ali ibn al-Husayn narrated to us, Ibn Abi Hammad reported to us, al-Hakam ibn Bashir reported to us, from 'Amr ibn Qays regarding His saying: "And We have made some of you for others [a] trial," [it means] that a master should do good to his slave."
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا قَبْلَكَ مِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ
١٥٠٤٥ - حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى أَنْبَأَ الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، ثنا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ قَوْلُهُ: وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا قَبْلَكَ مِنَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ إِلا إِنَّهُمْ لَيَأْكُلُونَ الطَّعَامَ وَيَمْشُونَ فِي الأَسْوَاقِ أَيْ إِنَّ الرُّسُلَ قَبْلَ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانُوا بِهَذِهِ الْمَنْزِلَةِ يَأْكُلُونَ الطَّعَامَ وَيَمْشُونَ فِي الأَسْوَاقِ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَجَعَلْنَا بَعْضَكُمْ لبعض فتنة
[الوجه الأول]
١٥٠٤٦ - حَدَّثَنَا يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الأَعْلَى، ثنا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ أَخْبَرَنِي مَخْرَمَةُ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رِفَاعَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ الزُّرَقِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَجُلٌ: يَا رَسُول اللَّهِ كَيْفَ تَرَى رَقِيقَنَا؟ قَوْمٌ مُسْلِمُونَ يُصَلُّونَ صَلاتَنَا وَيَصُومُونَ صِيَامَنَا نَضْرِبُهُمْ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: تُوزَنُ ذُنُوبُهُمْ وَعُقُوبَتُكُمْ إِيَّاهُمْ فَإِنْ كَانَ عُقُوبَتُكُمْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِمْ أَخَذُوا مِنْكُمْ. قَالُوا: أَفَرَأَيْتَ سَبَّنَا إِيَّاهُمْ؟ قَالَ: تُوزَنُ ذُنُوبُهُمْ وَأَذَاكُمْ إِيَّاهُمْ فَإِنْ كَانَ أَذَاكُمْ إِيَّاهُمْ أَكْثَرَ أُعْطُوا مِنْكُمْ قَالَ الرَّجُلُ: مَا أَسْمَعُ عَدُوًّا أَعْرَبَ إِلَيَّ مِنْهُمْ. فَتَلا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ هَذِهِ الآيَةَ: وَجَعَلْنَا بَعْضَكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ فِتْنَةً أَتَصْبِرُونَ وَكَانَ رَبُّكَ بَصِيرًا قَالَ الرَّجُلُ: أَرَأَيْتَ يَا رَسُول اللَّهِ وَلَدِي أَضْرِبُهُمْ؟ قَالَ:
إِنَّكَ لَا تُتَّهَمُ فِي وَلَدِكَ. ولا تطيب نفسك تشبع ويجوعوا، ولا تكتس وَيَعْرُوا.
الْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي:
١٥٠٤٧ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الأَشَجُّ، ثنا ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِي رَجَاءٍ حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الْقُدُّوسِ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ: وَجَعَلْنَا بَعْضَكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ فِتْنَةً أَتَصْبِرُونَ وَكَانَ رَبُّكَ بَصِيرًا قَالَ: يَقُولُ هَذَا الْفَقِيرُ: لَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ جَعَلَنِي غَنِيًّا مِثْلَ فُلانٍ وَيَقُولُ هَذَا السَّقِيمُ لَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ جَعَلَنِي صَحِيحًا مِثْلَ فُلانٍ.
١٥٠٤٨ - حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، ثنا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُسَافِرٍ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَسَّانَ، ثنا رُشَيْدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ ثَوْبَانَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَجَعَلْنَا بَعْضَكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ فِتْنَةً أَتَصْبِرُونَ قَالَ: هُوَ التَّفَاضُلُ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْقُدْرَةِ وَقَهْرِ بَعْضِكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ فَهِيَ الْفِتْنَةُ الَّتِي قَالَ اللَّهُ: وَكَانَ رَبُّكَ بصيرا.
١٥٠٤٩ - حدثنا علي بن الحسين، ثنا بْنُ أَبِي حَمَّادٍ، ثنا الْحَكَمُ بْنُ بَشِيرٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ قَيْسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَجَعَلْنَا بَعْضَكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ فِتْنَةً أَنْ يُحْسِنَ الْمَلِيكُ إِلَى مَمْلُوكِهِ.
