17580 - From Salim ibn Abi al-Ja'd, he said: When "Call them by [the names of] their fathers" was revealed, they did not know a father for Salim; rather, he was the freed slave (mawla) of Abu Hudhayfah, and he was only an ally (halif) to them (1).

[His saying, the Almighty: "There is no blame upon you for that in which you have erred"]

17581 - From Mujahid regarding His saying: "And there is no blame upon you for that in which you have erred," he said: This applies to that which was before the prohibition in this [matter] and others, but [blame is upon] what your hearts have intended after you were commanded and after the prohibition (2).

17582 - From Qatadah regarding His saying: "And there is no blame upon you for that in which you have erred," he said: If you were to call a man by the name of someone other than his father, while you believe that he is his father, there would be no harm upon you, but [blame is upon] what you have intended by way of willful action (3).

[His saying, the Almighty: "But those of [blood] relationship are more entitled [to inheritance] one to the other"]

17583 - From al-Zubayr ibn al-'Awwam (may Allah be pleased with him), he said: My father narrated to us, [who said] Ahmad ibn Abi Bakr al-Mas'abi, one of the residents of Baghdad, narrated to us, from 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi al-Zinad, from Hisham ibn 'Urwah, from his father, from al-Zubayr ibn al-'Awwam, he said: Allah, the Almighty, revealed specifically concerning us, the group of Quraysh and the Ansar, "But those of [blood] relationship are more entitled [to inheritance] one to the other." This is because we, the group of Quraysh, when we arrived in Medina and possessed no wealth, we found the Ansar to be excellent brothers, so we entered into brotherhood with them and we inherited from one another. Abu Bakr entered into brotherhood with Kharijah ibn Zayd, 'Umar with so-and-so, and 'Uthman ibn 'Affan with a man from the Banu Zurayq, Sa'd al-Zuraqi—and some people say other than him. Al-Zubayr said: I entered into brotherhood with Asna Ka'b ibn ... I came to him and he embraced me, and I found that the weaponry made him heavy, as he saw. By Allah, O my son, had he died on that day, no one but I would have inherited from him, until Allah revealed this verse specifically regarding us, the group of Quraysh and the Ansar, so we returned to our [original] inheritances (4).

17584 - From Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) from the Prophet (peace be upon him) who said: "There is no believer but that I am the most entitled of people to him in this world and the Hereafter. Read, if you wish: 'The Prophet is more entitled to the believers than their own selves.' So whoever among the believers leaves behind wealth, let his agnate heirs (asabah) inherit it, whoever they may be. But if he leaves behind debt or dependants, let them come to me, for I am his patron (mawla)."