The Chapter of Tayammum (Dry Ablution)

Tayammum in the linguistic sense means: to intend (al-qasd). Allah the Almighty says: {And do not aim (tayamamu) at the bad thereof, from which you spend} (48). Imru' al-Qays said (49):

I aimed (tayamamtu) for the spring that is at Darij ... Its water-moss covers it, its water is deep and overflowing (50).

And the saying of Allah the Almighty: {Then betake yourselves to (fatayamamu) a clean surface} (51), meaning: intend it. It was then transferred in the convention of the jurists to mean wiping the face and hands with something from the earth (al-sa'id). It is permitted by the Book (Quran), the Sunnah, and consensus (ijma'). As for the Book, it is the saying of the Almighty: {And if you do not find water, then betake yourselves to a clean surface and wipe over your faces and hands with it}. As for the Sunnah, it is the hadith of 'Ammar and others (52). As for consensus, the Ummah has reached consensus on the permissibility of Tayammum in general.

63 - Issue; [Abu al-Qasim] (1) said: (And one performs Tayammum in both short and long travel).

Long travel is that which permits shortening [of prayers] and breaking the fast, and short travel is that which is less than that, from what the name of travel applies to, such as being between two villages that are close or far apart. The Qadi said: If one goes out to a farm (day'ah) of his, and departs from the buildings and houses, even by fifty paces, it is permitted for him to perform Tayammum,