worn items upon which it is not permitted to wipe. Their statement that it is a nullifier of wudu is incorrect, because the nullifier of wudu is the removal of that which is wiped upon, which does not apply here. Furthermore, being permitted to wipe does not make one a person performing the act of wiping, nor is one in the status of one who is wiping, just as if he were wearing a turban that is permissible to wipe over, but he wipes over his head underneath it; his purity is not invalidated by removing it.

As for tayammum for janaba (major ritual impurity), it is not invalidated except by seeing water, the expiration of the time, or the causes that necessitate ghusl (ritual bathing). Likewise, tayammum for the state of menstruation and postpartum bleeding; its ruling does not cease except by the occurrence of their respective states or one of the two aforementioned factors.

Section: It is permissible to perform tayammum for everything for which one is purified, such as supererogatory prayer, touching the Mus'haf (copy of the Quran), reciting the Quran, prostration of recitation or gratitude, or remaining in the mosque. Ahmad said: One may perform tayammum and read his portion, referring to the person in a state of janaba. This is the view of Ata, Makhul, Al-Zuhri, Rabi'ah, Yahya al-Ansari, Malik, Al-Shafi'i, Al-Thawri, and the People of Opinion (Ashab al-Ra'y). Abu Makhrama said: One does not perform tayammum except for an obligatory prayer. Al-Awza'i disliked for the one who has performed tayammum to touch the Mus'haf. Our evidence is the statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): "The clean earth is the purifier of the Muslim, even if he does not find water for ten years," and his saying, peace be upon him: "The earth has been made for me a place of prayer and a purifier." This is because it is permitted through water purity, so it is permitted through tayammum, just like the obligatory prayer.

Section: If there is filth (najasa) on his body and he is unable to wash it away due to the lack of water or fear of harm from using it, he performs tayammum for it and prays. Ahmad said: It is in the status of the person in a state of janaba, who performs tayammum. A similar meaning is narrated from Al-Hasan. It is also narrated from Al-Awza'i, Al-Thawri, and Abu Thawr that he wipes it with earth and prays, because the purification of filth occurs in the place of the filth, not elsewhere. The Qadi said: It is possible that the meaning of Ahmad's statement is that it is in the status of the person in a state of janaba who performs tayammum, meaning that he...