Section: Among the conditions for the permissibility of wiping over the turban is that it must cover the entire head, except for what is customary to leave exposed, such as the front of the head, the ears, and similar parts of the sides of the head; for this is excused, unlike a small tear in a khuff (leather sock), which is not excused. This is because the custom of leaving this area exposed exists due to the hardship of avoiding it. If there is a skullcap (qalansuwa) under the turban and some of it shows, the apparent ruling is that it is permissible to wipe over both, as they have become like a single turban. Among the conditions for the permissibility of wiping over it is that it must be in the style of the Muslims’ turbans, such that a portion of it passes under the chin (al-hanak), because these are the turbans of the Arabs, which provide more covering than others and are difficult to remove; therefore, it is permissible to wipe over them, regardless of whether it has a trailing end (dhu’aba) or not, as the Qadi stated. It is permissible whether it is small or large. If nothing of it passes under the chin and it has no trailing end, it is not permissible to wipe over it, because it is in the style of the turbans of the dhimmis (protected non-Muslim subjects), and there is no hardship in removing it. It has been narrated from the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) that he commanded the use of the chin-wrap (talahhi) and forbade the iqti‘at (a style of wrapping where the turban does not pass under the chin). Abu ‘Ubayd narrated it and said: The iqti‘at is that nothing of the turban passes under the chin. It is also narrated that ‘Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, saw a man whose turban did not pass under his chin, so he wrapped it under his chin with a fold (kawar) of it and said: "What is this impiety (fasiqiyya)?" Thus, wiping over it is forbidden due to the prohibition of that style and the ease of removing it. If it has a trailing end but is not wrapped under the chin, there are two views regarding wiping over it: one is that it is permissible, because it does not resemble the turbans of the dhimmis, as a trailing end is not their custom. The second is that it is not permissible, because it falls under the generality of the prohibition and it is not difficult to remove.

Section: If some part of the head is exposed, of the parts that are customarily exposed, it is recommended to wipe over it along with the turban. Ahmad stated this explicitly, because the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) wiped over his turban and his forelock (nasiya) in the hadith of al-Mughira [ibn Shu‘ba], and it is a sahih hadith, as al-Tirmidhi stated.