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المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 10 · صفحة 103فصل

الترجمة · EN

Based on this, she is entitled to the dowry of an equal (sadaq al-mithl), and likewise for every case in which we have said that naming the dowry is not valid.

Section: If he gives her as a dowry the sewing of a specific garment, and the garment is destroyed, the naming does not become corrupt, and the dowry of an equal is not obligatory. This is because the impossibility of delivering the specific item given as a dowry does not necessitate the dowry of an equal, just as if he had given her a qafiz of wheat as a dowry and it was destroyed before delivery. However, the wage for the equivalent of its sewing becomes obligatory upon him, because the object of the contract, which is the labor on it, has been lost, so it is necessary to revert to the compensation for the labor, as if he had given her as a dowry the teaching of her slave a trade and he died before the teaching was completed. If he is unable to sew it while the garment remains, due to illness or similar, he must provide someone else to sew it in his place. If he divorces her before sewing it and before consummation, he is obligated to sew half of it, if it is possible to determine its half; if it is not possible, he is obligated to pay half the wage of its sewing, unless he provides sewing for more than half, such that it is known with certainty that he has sewn the half. If the divorce is after he has sewn it, he may reclaim from her half of its wage.

Section: If he gives her as a dowry the teaching of a trade, or the teaching of her slave a trade, it is valid; because it is a known benefit for which it is permissible to offer compensation, so it is permissible to make it a dowry, like the sewing of her garment. If he gives her as a dowry the teaching of her, or the teaching of her [slave], a specific permissible poem, jurisprudence, language, grammar, or other such religious sciences for which it is permissible to take a wage for teaching, it is permissible, and the naming is valid; because it is permissible to take a wage for it, so it is permissible as a dowry, like the benefits of a house.

Section: As for teaching the Quran, there is a difference of opinion narrated from Ahmad regarding making it a dowry. He said in one place: I dislike it. He said in another place: There is no harm if a man (27) marries a woman on the condition that he teaches her a surah of the Quran, or for two sandals. This is the school of al-Shafi'i. Abu Bakr said: There are two opinions in the issue, meaning two narrations. He said: My choice is that it is not permissible. This is the school of Malik, al-Layth, Abu Hanifah, Makhul, and Ishaq. Those who permitted it argued based on what Sahl ibn Sa'd al-Sa'idi narrated,

الحواشي

(27) Omitted from: A, B, M.

العربية (المصدر)

فعلى هذا لها مَهْرُ المِثْلِ، وكذلك كلُّ مَوْضعٍ قُلْنا: لا تَصِحُّ التَّسْمِيةُ.

فصل: وإن أصْدَقَها خِيَاطةَ ثَوْبٍ بعَيْنهِ، فهَلَكَ الثوبُ، لم تَفْسُدِ التَّسْمِيةُ، ولم يَجِبْ مَهْرُ المِثْلِ؛ لأنَّ تَعَذُّرَ تَسْلِيمِ ما أصْدَقَها بعَيْنهِ لا يُوجِبُ مَهْرَ المِثْلِ، كما لو أصْدَقَها قَفِيزَ حِنْطةٍ فهَلَكَ قبلَ تَسْلِيمِه، ويَجِبُ عليه أجْرُ مِثْلِ خِياطَتِه؛ لأنَّ المَعْقُودَ على العَمَلِ فيه تَلَفٌ، فوَجَبَ الرُّجوعُ إلى عِوَضِ العَمَلِ، كما لو أصْدَقَها تَعْلِيمَ عَبْدِها صِناعةً فمات قبلَ التَّعْليمِ. وإن عَجَزَ عن خِياطَتِه، مع بَقاءِ الثوبِ، لمَرَضٍ أو نحوِه، فعليه أن يُقِيمَ مُقامَه مَنْ يَخِيطُه. وإن طَلَّقَها قبلَ خِياطَتِه قبلَ الدُّخُولِ، فعليه خِياطَةُ نِصْفِه، إن أمْكَنَ مَعْرِفَةُ نِصْفِه، وإن لم يُمْكِنْ فعليه نِصْفُ أجْرِ خِيَاطَتِه، إلَّا أن يَبْذُلَ خِياطةَ أكْثَرَ من نِصْفِه، بحيث يُعْلَمُ أنَّه قد خاط النِّصْفَ يَقِينًا. وإن كان الطَّلاقُ بعد خِياطَتِه، رَجَعَ عليه بنِصْفِ أَجْرِه.

فصل: وإن أصْدَقَها تعليمَ صِنَاعةٍ، أو تَعْليمَ عَبْدِها صِناعةً، صَحَّ؛ لأنَّه مَنْفَعةٌ معلومةٌ، يجوزُ بَذْلُ العِوَضِ عنها، فجاز جَعْلُها صَداقًا، كخِياطةِ ثَوْبها. وإن أصدَقها تَعْلِيمَه، أو تعليمَها شِعْرًا مُباحًا مُعيَّنًا، أو فِقْهًا، أو لغةً، أو نَحْوًا، أو غيرَ ذلك من العُلُومِ الشَّرعيَّةِ التى يجوزُ أخْذُ الأجْرةِ على تعليمِها، جاز، وصَحَّتِ التَّسْمِيَةُ؛ لأنَّه يجوزُ أخذُ الأجرةِ عليه، فجاز صَداقًا، كَمنافِعِ الدارِ.

فصل: فأمَّا تعليمُ القرآنِ، فاخْتلَفتِ الرِّوايةُ عن أحمدَ فى جَعْلِه صَدَاقًا؛ فقال فى مَوْضعٍ: أكْرَهُه. وقال فى موضعٍ: لا بَأْسَ أن يتزَوّجَ الرَّجُلُ (٢٧) المرأةَ على أن يُعَلِّمَها سورةً من القرآنِ، أو على نَعْلَيْنِ. وهذا مذهبُ الشافعىِّ. قال أبو بكرٍ: فى المسألةِ قولان. يعنى رِوايتَيْنِ. قال: وأخْتِيارِى أنَّه لا يجوزُ. وهو مذهبُ مالكٍ، واللَّيْثِ، وأبى حنيفةَ، ومكحولٍ، وإسْحاقَ. واحْتَجَّ مَنْ أجازَه بما رَوَى سَهْلُ بن سَعْدٍ السَّاعِدِىُّ،

الحواشي

(٢٧) سقط من: أ، ب، م.

السابقمجلد 10 · صفحة 103التالي
السابق10·103التالي