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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 10 · صفحة 142فصل

الترجمة · EN

The specified compensation in a commutative contract, so nothing else becomes mandatory for her, as in all other contracts.

Section: The mut'ah (gift of consolation) is mandatory upon every husband for every mufawwidah (a wife for whom no dowry was specified) who is divorced before consummation. This applies equally to the free man and the slave, the Muslim and the disbeliever, the dhimmi (protected non-Muslim subject), the free woman and the slave woman, and the Muslim woman and the dhimmi woman. It was narrated from Abu Hanifah that there is no mut'ah for a dhimmi woman. Al-Awza'i said: If the spouses or one of them are slaves, there is no mut'ah. Our argument is the generality of the text, and because it stands in the place of half of the dowry for one for whom it was specified, so it is mandatory for every wife upon every husband, like half of the specified dowry. Furthermore, the compensation that becomes mandatory is equal for the Muslim and the disbeliever, and the free man and the slave, just like the dowry.

Section: As for the woman who has delegated the dowry (to someone else)—meaning the one whom he marries for what either of them chooses, or the one whom someone other than her father gave in marriage without a dowry and without her permission, or the one whose dowry is corrupt—a dowry of like-value (mahr al-mithl) is mandatory for her, and it is halved by divorce before consummation, and there is no mut'ah for her. This is the manifest view of al-Khiraqi’s words. He has explicitly stated this regarding the one whose dowry is corrupt. This is also the school of al-Shafi'i. From Ahmad, there is a view that she is entitled to the mut'ah instead of half the dowry, like the mufawwidah who has delegated her private parts (budi'). This is the school of Abu Hanifah, because her contract was devoid of a valid specification, so she resembles the one for whom nothing was specified. Our argument is that she has a mandatory dowry before the divorce, so it must be halved, just as if he had specified it. Or we say: She did not consent to have no dowry, so the mut'ah does not become mandatory, just like the one for whom a dowry was specified. She differs from the one who agreed to no compensation, for she consented to no dowry, and her private parts returned intact, so she was compensated with the mut'ah, unlike our case.

Section: Every separation by which the specified dowry is halved necessitates the mut'ah, if she is a mufawwidah. As for the separations through which the specified amount drops—such as difference of religion, or annulment due to breastfeeding or similar, if it originated from her—the mut'ah is not mandatory for it, because it was placed in the stead of half the specified dowry, so it falls in the place where it falls, just as the substitutes fall by what causes their replacement to fall.

الحواشي

(22) Omitted from A, B, and M. (23) Omitted from B. (24) In the original: "yajibu" (it becomes mandatory). (25) In M: "radiyathu" (she consented to it).

العربية (المصدر)

العِوَضَ المُسَمَّى لها فى عَقْدِ المُعاوضةِ، فلم يَجِبْ لها به سِواهُ، كما فى سائرِ العُقُودِ.

فصل: والْمُتْعةُ تجبُ على كلِّ زَوْجٍ، لكلِّ زوجةٍ مُفَوّضةٍ طُلِّقَتْ قبلَ الدُّخولِ، وسَواءٌ فى ذلك الحُرُّ والعبدُ، والمسلمُ والكافرُ (٢٢) والذِّمِّىُّ، والحُرَّة والأمَةُ، والمُسْلِمةُ والذِّمِّيَّةُ. وحُكِىَ عن أبى حنيفةَ: لا مُتْعةَ للذِّمِّيَّةِ. وقال الأَوْزاعىُّ: إن كان الزَّوْجان أو أحَدُهما رَقِيقًا، فلا مُتْعةَ. ولَنا، عُمُومُ النَّصِّ، ولأنَّها قائمةٌ مَقامَ نِصْفِ المَهْرِ فى حَقِّ مَنْ سُمِّىَ لها (٢٣)، فتجِبُ لكلِّ زَوْجةٍ على كلِّ زَوْجٍ، كنِصْفِ المُسَمَّى، ولأنَّ ما يجبُ من العِوَض يَسْتَوِى (٢٤) فيه المُسْلِمُ والكافرُ، والحرُّ والعبدُ، كالمَهْرِ.

فصل: فأمَّا المُفَوّضةُ المَهْرَ، وهى التى يتزَوَّجُها على ما شاءَ أحَدُهما، أو التى زَوَّجَها غيرُ أبِيها بغيرِ صَداقٍ بغيرِ إذْنِها، أو التى مهرُها فاسِدٌ، فإنَّه يجبُ لها مَهْرُ المِثْلِ، ويتَنَصَّفُ بالطلاقِ قبلَ الدُّخولِ، ولا مُتْعَةَ لها. هذا ظاهرُ كلامِ الخِرَقِىِّ. وقد صَرَّحَ به فى التى مَهْرُها فاسدٌ. وهو مذهبُ الشافعىِّ. وعن أحمدَ، أَنَّ لها المُتْعةَ دون نِصْفِ المهرِ، كالمُفَوّضةِ البُضْعَ. وهو مذهبُ أبى حنيفةَ؛ لأنَّه خَلَا عَقْدُها من تَسْمِيَةٍ صحيحةٍ، فأشْبَهتِ التى لم يُسَمَّ لها شىءٌ. ولَنا، أَنَّ هذه لها مَهْرٌ واجبٌ قبلَ الطَّلاقِ، فوجَبَ أن يتَنَصّفَ، كما لو سَمَّاه. أو نقول: لم تَرْضَ بغيرِ صَداقٍ، فلم تَجِب المُتْعةُ، كالمُسَمَّى لها. وتُفارِقُ التى رَضِيَتْ بغيرِ عِوَضٍ؛ فإنَّها رَضِيَتْ (٢٥) بغير صداقٍ، وعادَ بُضْعُها سَلِيمًا، فعُوِّضَت المُتْعَةَ، بخلافِ مسألَتِنا.

فصل: وكلُّ فُرْقةٍ يتَنَصَّفُ بها المُسَمَّى، تُوجِبُ المتعةَ، إذا كانت مُفَوّضةً، وما يَسْقُطُ به المُسَمَّى من الفُرَقِ، كاخْتِلافِ الدِّينِ والفَسْخِ بالرَّضَاعِ ونحوِه، إذا جاء من

الحواشي

(٢٢) سقط من: أ، ب، م.(٢٣) سقط من: ب.(٢٤) فى الأصل: "يجب".(٢٥) فى م: "رضيته".

السابقمجلد 10 · صفحة 142التالي
السابق10·142التالي