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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 10 · صفحة 143فصل

الترجمة · EN

from her side, no mut'ah is mandatory for it, because it was placed in the stead of half the specified amount, so it drops in the place where it drops, just as the substitutes drop due to what causes the dropping of what they replace.

Section: Abu Dawud said: I heard Ahmad being asked about a man who married a woman and had not specified a dowry for her, then he gifted her a slave boy, and then he divorced her before consummation. He said: She is entitled to the mut'ah. This is because the gift does not terminate the mut'ah, just as it does not terminate half of the specified dowry, and because the mut'ah only becomes mandatory upon divorce, so it is not valid to fulfill it before it occurs, and because it is an obligation that is not extinguished by a gift, just as the specified dowry is not.

1207 - Issue; He said: (The wealthy person shall provide according to his means, and the poor person according to his means, with the highest being a servant and the lowest being a garment in which it is permissible for her to pray, unless he wishes to increase it, or she wishes to decrease it).

The crux of this is that the mut'ah is determined by the condition of the husband, in his wealth or his poverty. Ahmad explicitly stated this, and it is a view held by the companions of al-Shafi'i. The other view is that they said: It is determined by the condition of the wife, because the dowry is determined by her, and likewise is the mut'ah which stands in its place. Among them are those who said: It is sufficient for the mut'ah to be whatever falls under the term [of a gift], just as that suffices for a dowry. Our argument is the statement of Allah Almighty: "The wealthy person shall provide according to his means, and the poor person according to his means." This is a text indicating that it is determined by the condition of the husband and that it varies; if whatever falls under the term [of a gift] were sufficient, the variation would be negated. Furthermore, if it were considered by the condition of the wife, it would not be "the wealthy person shall provide according to his means, and the poor person according to his means." Once this is established, the narration from Ahmad concerning it varied; it is narrated from him that he said like the statement of al-Khiraqi, the highest of it being a servant; this is if he is wealthy. And if he is poor, he provides her as mut'ah her clothing, a shift (dir'), a head covering (khimar), and a garment in which she may pray. Similar to this was stated by Ibn Abbas, al-Zuhri, and al-Hasan. Ibn Abbas said: The highest of the mut'ah is a servant, then below that is provisions (nafaqah), then below that is clothing. Similar to what we have mentioned regarding the lowest of it was stated by

الحواشي

(1) In the original: "al-musir" (the wealthy person). (2) Surah Al-Baqarah: 236.

العربية (المصدر)

قِبَلِها، لا تجبُ به مُتْعةٌ؛ لأنَّها أقِيمَتْ مُقامَ نِصْفِ المُسَمَّى، فسَقَطَتْ فى موضع يَسْقُطُ، كما تَسْقُطُ الأبدالُ بما يُسْقِطُ مُبْدلَها.

فصل: قال أبو داود: سَمِعْتُ أحمدَ سُئِلَ عن رجلٍ تزَوَّجَ امرأةً، ولم يَكُنْ فَرَضَ لها مَهْرًا، ثم وَهَبَ لها غُلامًا، ثم طَلَّقها قبلَ الدُّخولِ. قال: لها المُتْعةُ. وذلك لأنَّ الهِبَةَ لا تَنْقَضِى بها المُتْعةُ، كما لا يَنْقَضِى بها نِصْفُ المُسَمَّى، ولأنَّ المُتْعةَ إنَّما تجبُ بالطَّلاقِ، فلا يَصِحُّ قَضاؤُها قبلَه، ولأنَّها واجِبةٌ، فلا تنْقَضِى بالهِبَةِ، كالمُسَمَّى.

١٢٠٧ - مسألة؛ قال: (عَلَى المُوسِعِ (١) قَدَرُهُ، وَعَلَى المُقْتِرِ قَدَرُهُ، فأعْلَاهُ خَادِمٌ، وأَدْناهُ كُسْوَةٌ يَجُوزُ لَهَا أنْ تُصَلِّىَ فِيهَا، إلَّا أنْ يَشَاءَ هُوَ أن يَزِيدَهَا، أو تَشَاءَ هِىَ أَنْ تَنْقُصَهُ)

وجملةُ ذلك أَنَّ المُتْعةَ مُعْتَبرةٌ بحالِ الزَّوْجِ، فى يَسارِه وإعْسارِه. نَصَّ عليه أحمدُ. وهو وَجْهٌ لأصْحابِ الشافعىِّ. والوجهُ الآخرُ قالوا: هو مُعْتَبَرٌ بحالِ الزَّوْجةِ؛ لأنَّ المهرَ مُعْتبَرٌ بها، كذلك المُتْعةُ القائمةُ مَقامَه. ومنهم مَن قال: يُجْزِئُ فى المُتْعةِ ما يَقَعُ عليه الاسمُ، كما يُجْزِئُ فى الصَّداقِ ذلك. ولَنا، قولُ اللَّه تعالى: {عَلَى الْمُوسِعِ قَدَرُهُ وَعَلَى الْمُقْتِرِ قَدَرُهُ} (٢). وهذا نَصٌّ فى أنَّها مُعْتبرَةٌ بحالِ الزَّوْجِ، وأنها تَخْتَلِفُ، ولو أجْزَأ ما يَقَعُ عليه الاسمُ سَقَطَ الاختلافُ، ولو اعْتُبِرَ بحالِ المرأةِ لَما كان على المُوسِعِ قَدَرُهُ وعلى المُقْتِرِ قَدَرُه. إذا ثبَت هذا فاخْتلَفتِ الرِّوايةُ عن أحمدَ فيها؛ فرُوِىَ عنه مثلُ قولِ الخِرَقِىِّ، أعْلاهَا خَادِمٌ، هذا إذا كان مُوسِرًا، وإن كان فقيرًا مَتَّعَها كُسْوتَها دِرْعًا وخِمارًا وثَوْبًا تُصَلِّى فيه. ونحوَ ذلك قال ابنُ عباسٍ، والزُّهْرِىُّ، والحسنُ. قال ابنُ عباسٍ: أعْلَى المُتْعةِ الخادِمُ، ثم دُونَ ذلك النَّفَقَةُ، ثم دُونَ ذلك الكُسْوةُ. ونحوَ ما ذكَرْنا فى أدْناها قال

الحواشي

(١) فى الأصل: "الموسر".(٢) سورة البقرة ٢٣٦.

السابقمجلد 10 · صفحة 143التالي
السابق10·143التالي