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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 10 · صفحة 20فصل

الترجمة · EN

The marital status is fixed for the Muslim women, and the divorce takes effect upon them. So when the remainder convert to Islam, he may marry them, because his divorce did not take effect upon them.

Section: If he converts to Islam and he has eight wives, and four of them convert, he has the choice of them, and he may wait until the remainder convert. If those who converted die, and then the remainder convert, he has the choice of the deceased ones, and he has the choice of the remainder, and he has the choice of some of these and some of those; because the choice is not a contract, rather it is a ratification of the first contract regarding them, and the consideration in the choice is based on the state of its establishment, and at the time of its establishment, they were alive. If one of them converts, and he says, "I choose her," it is permissible. So when he chooses four in this manner, the marriage of the remainder is dissolved. If he says to a Muslim woman, "I choose to dissolve her marriage," it is not valid; because dissolution only occurs regarding those in excess of four, and the choice is for the four, and this is among the group of four. Unless he intends divorce by "dissolution," in which case it takes effect, because it is a metonymy (kinayah), and his divorce of her is his choice of her. If he says, "I choose so-and-so" before she converts, it is not valid; because it is not a time for choice, as she is a woman whose state is drifting towards permanent separation (bayunah), so retaining her is not valid. If he dissolves her marriage, it is not dissolved; because when the choice is not permissible, the dissolution is not permissible. If he intends divorce by "dissolution," or says, "You are divorced," it is suspended; so if she converts and there are no more than four who have not yet converted, or if more convert and he chooses her, we determine that the divorce has taken effect upon her; otherwise, it does not.

Section: If he says, "Whenever one of them converts, I choose her," it is not valid; because it is not permissible to attach the choice to a condition, nor is it valid regarding an unspecified person. If he says, "Whenever one of them converts, I choose to dissolve her marriage," it is also not valid; because dissolution is not attached to a condition, and he does not possess the right to it for any one of them until the number of Muslim women exceeds four. If he intends divorce by it, it is as if he said, "Whenever one of them converts, she is divorced." Regarding this, there are two opinions; one of them is that it is valid, because divorce is valid when attached to a condition, and it includes the choice for her, so whenever one of them converts, it is a choice for her, and she is divorced by his divorce. The second opinion is that it is not valid, because divorce includes the choice, and it is not valid to attach the choice to a condition.

الحواشي

(40) Omitted from B. (41) In M: "ma'na" (meaning).

العربية (المصدر)

المُسْلماتِ، ووَقَعَ الطَّلاقُ بهِنَّ، فإذا أسْلَمَ البواقِى، فله أَنَّ يتزوَّجَ بهِنَّ؛ لأنَّه لم يَقَعْ طَلاقُه بهِنَّ.

فصل: وإذا أسْلَمَ وتَحْتَه ثَمانِ نِسْوَةٍ، فأسْلَمَ أرْبَعٌ منهنَّ، فله اخْتيارُهنَّ، وله الوقوفُ إلى أَنَّ يُسْلِمَ البَواقِى. فإن مات اللَّاتِى أسْلَمْنَ، ثم أسلمَ الباقياتُ، فله اختيارُ المَيِّتَاتِ، وله اختيارُ الباقياتِ، وله اختيارُ بعض هؤلاءِ وبعض هؤلاءِ؛ لأنَّ الاختيارَ ليس بعَقْدٍ، وإنَّما هو تَصْحِيحٌ للعَقْدِ الأوَّلِ فيهنَّ، والاعتبارُ فى الاختيارِ بحالِ ثُبُوتِه، وحالَ ثُبُوته كُنَّ أحْياءَ. وإن اسْلمتْ واحدةٌ منهن، نجقال: اخْتَرْتُها. جاز، فإذا اختارَ أرْبعًا على هذا الوَجْهِ، انْفَسَخَ نِكاحُ الْبواقِى. وإن قال للمُسْلِمةِ: اخْتَرْتُ فَسْخَ نِكاحِها. لم يَصِحَّ؛ لأنَّ الفَسْخَ إنَّما يكونُ فيما زادَ على الأرْبَعِ، [والاختيارُ للأرْبَعِ] (٤٠)، وهذه من جُمْلةِ الأرْبَعِ، إلَّا أن يُرِيدَ بالفَسْخِ الطَّلاقَ، فيَقَعُ؛ لأنَّه كِنايةٌ، ويكونُ طَلَاقُه لها اخْتيارًا لها. وإن قال: اخترتُ فلانة. قبلَ أَنَّ تُسْلِمَ، لم يَصِحُّ؛ لأنَّه ليس بوَقْتٍ للاخْتيارِ؛ لأنَّها جارِيةٌ إلى بَيْنُونةٍ، فلا يَصِحُّ إمْساكُها. وإن فَسَخَ نِكاحَها، لم يَنْفَسِخْ؛ لأنَّه لمَّا لم يَجُزْ الاخْتيارُ، لم يجزِ الفَسْخُ. وإن نَوَى بالفَسْخِ الطَّلاقَ، أو قال: أنْتِ طالقٌ. فهو مَوْقُوفٌ، فإن أسْلَمَتْ ولم يُسْلِمْ زِيادَةٌ على أرْبَعٍ، أو أسْلَم زِيادَةٌ فاختارَها، تَبَيَّنَّا وُقُوعَ الطَّلاقِ بها، وإلَّا فلا.

فصل: وإن قال: كُلَّما أسْلَمَتْ واحدةٌ اخْتَرْتُها. لم يَصِحَّ؛ لأنَّ الاختيارَ لا يصحُّ تَعْلِيقُه على شَرْطٍ، ولا يَصِحُّ فى غيرِ مُعَيَّنٍ (٤١). وإن قال: كلَّما أسْلَمتْ واحدةٌ اخترتُ فَسْخَ نِكاحِها. لم يَصِحَّ أيضًا؛ لأنَّ الفَسْخَ لا يتعلق بالشَّرْطِ، ولا يَمْلِكُه فى واحدةٍ حتى يَزِيدَ عددُ المُسْلماتِ على الأرْبعِ، وإن أراد به الطَّلاقَ، فهو كما لو قال: كلَّما أسْلَمتْ واحدةٌ فهى طالِقٌ. وفى ذلك وَجْهان؛ أحدهما، يَصِحُّ؛ لأنَّ الطَّلاقَ يصحُّ تعليقُه

الحواشي

(٤٠) سقط من: ب.(٤١) فى م: " معنى".

السابقمجلد 10 · صفحة 20التالي
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