Section: It is permissible for a woman to gift her right to division (qasm) to her husband, to some of her co-wives, or to all of them, but this is not permissible without the husband's consent, because his right to enjoy her does not lapse except with his approval. If she and the husband both consent, it is permissible, for the right to this belongs to them and does not exit their sphere. If the recipient of the gift refuses to accept it, she may not do so, because the husband's right to enjoy her is established at all times; it was only the competition of her co-wife's right that prevented him. Once that competition is removed through her gifting it, his right to enjoy her is established, even if she dislikes it, just as if she were alone. It is established that Sawda gifted her day to Aisha, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) would divide for Aisha her day and Sawda's day. This is agreed upon. This is permissible for the entire duration or a portion of it, for Sawda gifted her day for all of her time. Ibn Majah narrated from Aisha that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was displeased with Safiyya bint Huyayy regarding something, so Safiyya said to Aisha: "Would you like to appease the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) on my behalf, and you shall have my day?" She took a scarf dyed with saffron, sprinkled it so that its scent would diffuse, then wrapped herself in it and sat next to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Move away, O Aisha, it is not your day." She said: "That is the grace of Allah; He gives it to whom He wills." She informed him of the matter, and he was pleased with her. Once this is established, if she gifts her night to all her co-wives, the division becomes among them as if he had divorced the one who gifted it. If she gifts it to the husband, he may assign it to whomever he wishes, because there is no harm to the others in that. If he wishes, he may assign it to all of them; if he wishes, he may designate it for one of them; and if he wishes, he may give some of them more than others in it. If she gifts it to one of them, as Sawda did, it is permissible. Then, if that night follows the night of the one who was gifted, he connects them; if it does not follow it, he may not connect them unless the others consent, and he must assign it to her at the time that was for the one who gifted it, because the recipient of the gift has taken the place of the one who gifted it in her night, so it is not permissible to change it from its position, as if it remained for the one who gifted it, and because that involves [a delay of the right of] another, and a change of her night without her consent, so it is not permissible. The same rule applies if she gifts it to the husband and he prefers one of them in particular. There is another view that it is permissible to connect the two nights because there is no benefit in separating them. The first is more correct, and we have mentioned a benefit in it, so it is not permissible to disregard it. Whenever the one who gifted her night retracts it, she may do so for the future, because it is a gift that has not been taken possession of, and she may not retract it for what has passed, because it is in the position of being possessed. If she retracts it during a part of the night, the husband must move to her; if he did not know until he finished the night, he does not compensate her with anything because the negligence was on her part.
Section: If she offers her night in exchange for money, it is not valid, because her right consists of the husband being with her, and that is not money, so it is not permissible to equate it with money. If she takes money from him for it, she must return it, and he must compensate her, because she relinquished it on the condition of an exchange, and it was not secured for her. If her exchange is something other than money, such as pleasing her husband or someone else on her behalf, it is permissible, for Aisha pleased the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) on behalf of Safiyya and took her day, and she informed the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) of that, and he did not disapprove of it.
1227 - Issue; He said: (And if his wife travels with his permission, she has no right to maintenance or division, but if he is the one who sent her, she retains her right to that.)
The sum of the matter is that if she travels for her own need with her husband's permission, for her own business, or for a visit, or for a voluntary Hajj, or an Umrah, she no longer has a right to maintenance or division. This is what al-Khiraqi mentioned.
(10) In the original: "fa-in". (11) Its extraction was mentioned previously on page 242. (12) In: Chapter: The woman who gifts her day to her companion, from the Book of Marriage. Sunan Ibn Majah 1/634. (13) In the original: "'ala". (14) In A, B, and M: "ja'alaha". (15) Omitted from: the original and A.
فصل: ويجوزُ للمرأةِ أن تَهَبَ حقَّها مِنَ القَسْمِ لزوجِها، أو لبعضِ ضَرائرِها، أو لَهُنَّ جميعًا، ولا يجوزُ إلا برِضَى الزَّوجِ؛ لأنَّ حقَّه فى الاسْتِمْتاعِ بها لا يسْقُطُ إلَّا برِضَاه، فإذا (١٠) رَضِيتْ هى والزَّوجُ جازَ؛ لأنَّ الحقَّ فى ذلك لهما، لا يَخرُجُ عنهما، فإن أبَتِ الموْهُوبةُ قَبُولَ الهبةِ، لم يكُنْ لها ذلك؛ لأنَّ حقَّ الزَّوْجِ فى الاسْتِمْتاعِ بها ثابتٌ فى كلِّ وقتٍ، إنَّما منَعتْه المُزاحَمةُ بحقِّ صاحبتِها، فإذا زالتِ المُزاحَمةُ بِهِبَتِها، ثَبتَ حقُّه فى الاسْتِمْتاعِ بها، وإن كرهتْ، كما لو كانت مُنْفرِدةً. وقد ثبتَ أَنَّ سَوْدَةَ وهَبتْ يومَها لعائشةَ، فكان رسولُ اللَّهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- يَقْسِمُ لعائشةَ يومَها ويومَ سودةَ. مُتَّفَقٌ عليه (١١). ويجوزُ ذلك فى جميعِ الزَّمانِ وفى بعضِه، فإنَّ سَوْدَةَ وهَبتْ يومَها فى جميعِ زَمانِها. ورَوَى ابنُ ماجَه (١٢)، عن عائشةَ، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- وَجَدَ على صَفِيَّةَ بنتِ حُيَىٍّ فى شىءٍ، فقالت صَفِيَّةُ لعائشةَ: هل لكِ أَنْ تُرْضِى عَنِّى (١٣) رسولَ اللَّهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- ولكِ يَوْمِى؟ فأخذتْ خِمَارًا مَصْبُوغًا بِزَعْفَرَانٍ، فَرَشَّتْهُ لِيَفُوحَ رِيحُهُ، ثم اخْتَمَرتْ به، وقَعَدَتْ إلى جَنْبِ النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، فقالَ رسولُ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "إِلَيْكِ يَا عَائِشَةُ، إنَّهُ لَيْسَ يَوْمَكِ". قالت: ذلك فَضْلُ اللَّهِ يُؤْتيه مَنْ يشاءُ. فأخْبَرتْه بالأمْرِ، فَرَضِىَ عنها. فإذا ثبتَ هذا، فإن وهَبتْ ليلتَها لجميعِ ضَرائرِها، صار القَسْمُ بينهنَّ كما لو طلَّقَ الواهِبَةَ. وإن وهَبتْها للزَّوجِ، فله جَعْلُه (١٤) لمن شاءَ؛ لأنَّه لا ضَررَ على الباقياتِ فى ذلك، إن شاءَ جعلَه للجميعِ، وإن شاءَ خَصَّ بها واحدةً منهُنَّ، وإن شاءَ جعلَ لبعْضهِنَّ فيها أكثرَ مِن بعضٍ. وإن وهَبتْها لواحدةٍ منهنَّ (١٥) كفِعْلِ سَوْدَةَ، جازَ. ثم إن كانت تلك الليلةُ تَلِى ليلةَ المَوْهُوبةِ، وَالَى بينهما، وإن كانت لا تلِيهَا، لم يجُزْ له الْمُوَالاةُ بينهما، إلَّا برِضَى
(١٠) فى الأصل: "فإن".(١١) تقدم تخريجه فى صفحة ٢٤٢.(١٢) فى: باب المرأة تهب يومها لصاحبتها، من كتاب النكاح. سنن ابن ماجه ١/ ٦٣٤.(١٣) فى الأصل: "على".(١٤) فى أ، ب، م: "جعلها".(١٥) سقط من: الأصل، أ.