As for the hadith of the two involved in li'an (imprecation), it is not binding because the separation did not occur by means of divorce; rather, it occurred by the mere act of their li'an. According to al-Shafi'i, it occurs by the mere act of the husband's li'an, so there is no argument in it. Furthermore, li'an necessitates an eternal prohibition, so the divorce after it is like divorce after the annulment of marriage due to breastfeeding or other reasons. Moreover, the combination of three [divorces] was prohibited because of what follows it (16) in terms of regret, the harm that results from it, and the loss of the lawfulness of marrying her, none of which occurs through divorce after li'an, as that is already achieved by the li'an itself. As for the other hadith, the combination of three did not occur in the presence of the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) for him to have approved it, nor was the divorcer present before the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) at the time he was informed of it so that he could rebuke him. Furthermore, the hadith of Fatima states that he sent to her one divorce that had remained for her from her divorce, and the hadith of the wife of Rifa'a states that he divorced her as the last of three divorces, as agreed upon; thus, there was no combination of three in any of that. There is no disagreement among everyone that the better and preferred choice is to divorce [one's wife] once, then leave her until her waiting period (iddah) expires, except for what we have recounted from the statement of one who said that he should divorce her once in every menstrual cycle. The first approach is more appropriate, for it constitutes compliance with the command of Allah the Exalted, conformity to the statement of the predecessors (salaf), and security from regret; for whenever he regrets, he may take her back, and if he misses that opportunity by the expiration of her waiting period, he still has the right to marry her. Muhammad ibn Sirin said: Ali (may Allah honor his face) said: "If people had adhered to what Allah commanded regarding divorce, no man would ever follow a woman with [successive divorces]; he should divorce her once, then leave her for the duration between that and her having three menstrual cycles, and whenever he wishes, he may take her back." Al-Najjad reported it with his chain of narration (17). From Abdullah [ibn Mas'ud], he said: "Whoever wants to perform the divorce that is the correct divorce, let him delay until she has menstruated and then become pure, then divorce her once without having had sexual intercourse, then leave her until her waiting period expires (18). Let him not divorce her three times while she is pregnant, for then Allah would combine upon him the burden of her maintenance and the wages for her breastfeeding, and Allah would cause him to regret, and he would find no way to her (19)."
(16) In the original: "yuta'qibuhu" (what follows it). (17) Its authentication was provided previously on page 327. (18) Omitted from: The original. (19) Ibn Abi Shaybah reported something similar in: The Chapter on what they said if he divorces her while she is pregnant? Regarding the one who said he is responsible for her maintenance, from the Book of Divorce. al-Musannaf 5/151.
وأمَّا حديثُ المُتلاعِنَيْنِ فغيرُ لازمٍ؛ لأنَّ الفُرْقَةَ لم تَقَعْ بالطَّلاقِ، فإنَّها وقَعتْ بِمُجرَّدِ لِعَانِهما. وعندَ الشَّافعىِّ بمُجرَّدِ لِعانِ الزَّوجِ، فلا حُجَّةَ فيه. ثم إنَّ اللعانَ يُوجِبُ تَحْريمًا مؤبَّدًا، فالطَّلاقُ بعدَه كالطَّلاقِ بعدَ انْفساخِ النِّكاحِ بالرَّضاعِ أو غيرِه، ولأنَّ جَمْعَ الثَّلاثِ إنَّما حَرُمَ لما يَعْقُبُه (١٦) مِنَ النَّدمِ، ويَحصُلُ به مِنَ الضَّرَرِ، ويَفُوتُ عليه مِن حِلِّ نكاحِها، ولا يَحصُلُ ذلك بالطَّلاقِ بعدَ اللِّعَانِ، لحُصولِه باللِّعانِ، وسائرُ الأحاديثِ لم يَقعْ فيها جَمْعُ الثَّلاثِ بينَ يَدَى النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، فيكون مُقِرًّا عليه، ولا حضرَ المُطَلِّقُ عندَ النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- حين أُخْبِرَ بذلك لِيُنْكِرَ عليه. على أنَّ حديثَ فاطمةَ، قد جاء فيه أنَّه أرْسلَ إليها بتَطْليقةٍ كانت بَقِيَتْ لها مِن طلاقِها، وحديثُ امرأةِ رفاعةَ جاء فيه أنَّه طلَّقَها آخِرَ ثلاثِ تَطْليقاتٍ، مُتَّفَقٌ عليه، فلم يَكُنْ فى شىءٍ مِن ذلك جَمْعُ الثَّلاثِ، ولا خلافَ بين الجميعِ فى أَنَّ الاخْتِيارَ والأوْلَى أن يُطلِّقَ واحدةً، ثم يَدعَها حتى تَنْقضِىَ عِدَّتُها، إلا ما حَكَيْنا من قولِ مَنْ قال: إنَّه يُطَلِّقُها فى كلِّ قَرْءٍ طَلْقةً. والأوَّلُ أوْلَى؛ فإنَّ فى ذلك امْتثالًا لأمرِ اللَّهِ سبحانه، ومُوَافقةً لقولِ السَّلَفِ، وأمْنًا مِنَ النَّدمِ، فإنَّه متى نَدِمَ راجعَها، فإن فاتَه ذلك بانْقِضاءِ عِدَّتِها، فله نكاحُها. قال محمدُ بنُ سِيرِينَ: إنَّ عليًّا كرَّم اللَّهُ وجهَه، قال: لو أَنَّ النَّاسَ أخَذُوا بما أمرَ اللَّه مِنَ الطَّلاقِ، ما يُتْبِعُ رجلٌ نفسَه امرأةً أبدًا، يُطَلِّقُها تَطْليقةً ثم يَدعُها، ما بينها وبين أن تَحِيضَ ثلاثًا، فمتى شاءَ راجعَها. روَاه النَّجَّادُ بإسْنادِه (١٧). وعن عبدِ اللَّهِ قال: مَن أرادَ أن يُطَلِّقَ الطَّلاقَ الذى هو الطَّلاقُ، فليُمْهِلْ، حتى إذا حاضَتْ ثم طَهُرَتْ، طلَّقَها تَطْليقةً فى غيرِ جِمَاعٍ، ثم يَدعُها حتى تَنْقَضِىَ عِدَّتُها (١٨)، ولا يُطلِّقْها ثلاثًا وهى حامِلٌ، فيجْمَعُ اللَّه عليه نَفقتَها وأجرَ رَضاعِها، ويُندِمُه اللَّهُ، فلا يَستطيعُ إليها سبيلًا (١٩).
(١٦) فى الأصل: "يتعقبه".(١٧) تقدم تخريجه فى صفحة ٣٢٧.(١٨) سقط من: الأصل.(١٩) أخرج ابن أبى شيبة نحوه، فى: باب ما قالوا فيه إذا طلقها وهى حامل؟ من قال عليه النفقة، من كتاب الطلاق. المصنف ٥/ ١٥١.