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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 10 · صفحة 412فصل

الترجمة · EN

Section: If he says: "If a year passes, you are divorced," or "You are divorced until a year," the beginning of the year is from the moment he swore until the completion of twelve months based on the lunar phases (al-ahillah), due to the saying of the Almighty: "They ask you about the new moons. Say, 'They are measurements of time for the people and for Hajj'" [2:189]. If he swears at the beginning of a month, then when twelve months have passed, his divorce occurs. If he swears during a month, you count what remains of it, then calculate the rest by the lunar phases. When eleven months have passed, you look at what remains of the first month and complete it to thirty days, because a month is the term for the duration between two new moons. If it is divided, it is thirty days. There is another view, which is that all months are considered by count (numerical value). Ahmad stipulated this regarding someone who vowed to fast two consecutive months, and the days were interrupted. He said: "He fasts sixty days." And if he started from a month and fasted two months, and they were fifty-eight days, it suffices him; this is because when he fasted half a month, it became obligatory to complete it from the one that follows it, so the beginning of the second was also from its half, and it became necessary to complete it by count, and this meaning is present in the Sunnah. The argument for the first view is that it is possible to fulfill eleven [months] according to the lunar phases, so it is necessary to rely on them, just as if his oath were at the beginning of a month. It is not necessary that he completes the first [month] from the second, rather he completes it from the end of the months. If he says: "I intended by my saying 'a year,' when Dhul-Hijjah passes," it is accepted, because he is acknowledging against himself what is more severe. If he says: "When the year (as-sanah) passes, you are divorced," she is divorced upon the passing of Dhul-Hijjah, because when he defined it with the definite article (al-), it shifted to the known year, the end of which is Dhul-Hijjah. If he says: "I intended by 'the year' twelve months," it is accepted, because 'a year' is a name for it in reality.

Section: If he says: "You are divorced, in every year one divorce," this is a valid condition; because he

الحواشي

(8) Surah al-Baqarah, 189. (9) In [B] and [M]: "the month". (10) In [B] and [M]: "they were divided". (11) In the original, there is an addition: "of it". (12) In [A]: "he completes it".

العربية (المصدر)

فصل: وإذا قال: إذا مضتْ سَنَةٌ فأنتِ طالقٌ، أو أنتِ طالقٌ إلى سنةٍ. فإنّ ابتداءَ السَّنَةِ من حينَ حلَفَ إلى تمامِ اثنَىْ عَشَرَ شهرًا بالأهِلَّةِ؛ لقولِه تعالى: {يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَهِلَّةِ قُلْ هِيَ مَوَاقِيتُ لِلنَّاسِ وَالْحَجِّ} (٨). فإن حَلَفَ فى أولِ شَهر (٩)، فإذا مَضَى اثنا عشَرَ شهرًا وقعَ طلاقُه. وإن حلفَ فى أثناءِ شهرٍ، عَدَدْتَ ما بَقِىَ منه، ثم حَسَبْتَ بَعدُ بالأهِلَّةِ، فإذا مَضَتْ أحَدَ عَشَرَ شهرًا نَظَرْتَ ما بَقِىَ مِنَ الشّهرِ الأوّلِ، فكَمَّلْتَه ثلاثينَ يومًا؛ لأنَّ الشَّهرَ اسمٌ لما بينَ هِلالَينِ. فإذا تفَرَّقَ (١٠) كان ثلاثينَ يومًا. وفيه وجهٌ آخرُ، أنَّه تُعْتبَرُ الشُّهُورُ كلها بالعَدَدِ. نَصَّ عليه أحمدُ، فى من نَذَرَ صيامَ شهرينِ مُتَتَابعَيْنِ (١١)، فاعترضَ الأيَّامُ. قال: يَصومُ ستِّينَ يومًا. وإن ابتدأ مِن شهرٍ، فصام شَهْرينِ، فكانا ثمانيةً وخمسينَ يومًا، أجْزأه؛ وذلك أنَّه لمَّا صامَ نصفَ شهرٍ، وجبَ تَكميلُه مِنَ الذى يلِيه، فكان ابتداءُ الثانى مِن نِصْفِه أيضًا، فوجبَ أن يُكَمِّلَه بالعَدَدِ، وهذا المعنى موجودٌ فى السُّنَّةِ. ووَجْهُ الأوَّلِ أنَّه أمْكَنَ اسْتيفاءُ أحدَ عشرَ بالأهِلَّةِ، فوجَبَ الاعْتبارُ بها، كما لو كانت يَمِينُه فى أوَّلِ شهرٍ، ولا يَلْزمُ أن يتمَّ الأوّلَ مِنَ الثَّانى، بل يُتِمُّه (١٢) مِن آخرِ الشُّهورِ. وإن قال: أرَدْتُ بقولى: سَنَةً. إذا انْسلَخَ ذُو الحِجَّةِ. قُبِلَ؛ لأنَّه يُقِرُّ على نفسِه بما هو أغْلَظُ. وإن قال: إذا مَضَتِ السَّنَةَ فأنتِ طالقٌ. طَلُقَتْ بانْسِلاخِ ذى الحِجةِ؛ لأنَّه لمَّا عرَّفَها بلام التعريِف، انْصرفَتْ إلى السَّنَةِ المعروفةِ، التى آخرُهاٍ ذو الحِجَّةِ. فإن قال: أردتُ بالسَّنَةِ اثنَىْ عَشَرَ شهرًا. قُبِلَ؛ لأنَّ السَّنَةَ اسمٌ لها حَقِيقةً.

فصل: فإن قال: أنتِ طالقٌ، فى كلِّ سَنَةٍ طَلْقةً. فهذه صِفَةٌ صحيحةٌ؛ لأنَّه

الحواشي

(٨) سورة البقرة ١٨٩.(٩) فى ب، م: "الشهر".(١٠) فى ب، م: "تفرقا".(١١) فى الأصل زيادة: "منه".(١٢) فى أ: "يتممه".

السابقمجلد 10 · صفحة 412التالي
السابق10·412التالي