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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 10 · صفحة 446

الترجمة · EN

If he says: "If you enter the house, you are divorced," she is not divorced until she enters. This is the view of some of the Shafi'is. Muhammad ibn al-Hasan said: "She is divorced immediately," because he did not suspend it on entering the house; as it is only suspended by the 'fa', and this [sentence] has no 'fa', so it is an initiated statement not suspended by a condition, and thus its ruling is established immediately. Our view is that he used the particle of condition, which indicates that he intended to suspend it thereby. He merely omitted the 'fa' while it was intended, just as the subject is omitted at times and the predicate at other times, due to the remaining speech indicating the omitted part. It is also permissible that the omission of the 'fa' is based on precedence and postponement, as if he intended: "You are divorced if you enter the house," but he placed the condition first while intending to delay it. Whenever it is possible to interpret the speech of a rational person as having a benefit and to rectify it from corruption, it is obligatory to do so; in what we have mentioned, it is rectified, whereas in what they have mentioned, it is invalidated. If he says, "I intended the occurrence immediately," it occurs because he confirms against himself what is more severe. If he says: "You are divorced even if you enter the house," the divorce occurs immediately, because its meaning is: "You are divorced in every case," and your entering the house does not prevent that, like the saying of the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace): "Whoever says: 'There is no god but Allah' will enter Paradise, even if he committed adultery, and even if he stole." And he said: "Maintain ties with them even if they sever you, and give to them even if they deprive you." If he says: "I intended the condition," he is to be believed regarding his intention. As for whether it is accepted in a judicial ruling, this is derived from two reported opinions. If he says: "If you enter the house, then you are divorced, and if you enter the other [house]," then whenever she enters the first, she is divorced, whether she enters the other or not, and she does not become divorced by entering the other.

الحواشي

(21) In B and M: "fa-anti" (then you are). (22) In the original and A: "yata'allaqu". (23) Reported by al-Bukhari in: The Book of Funerals, Chapter: On those whose last words are 'There is no god but Allah'; in The Book of Dress, Chapter: White Garments; in The Book of Seeking Permission, Chapter: Whoever answers with 'at your service and obedience'; in The Book of Softening of Hearts, Chapter: The wealthy are the least [in good deeds] and the Chapter: The statement of the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace): "I would not like to have gold like Mount Uhud"; and in The Book of Tawhid, Chapter: The Lord's Speech with Gabriel and Allah's Calling the Angels. Sahih al-Bukhari 2/89, 90; 7/192, 193; 8/75, 117, 118; 9/174. And by Muslim in: The Book of Faith, Chapter: Whoever dies while not associating anything with [Allah]...; and in The Book of Zakat, Chapter: Encouragement to give charity. Sahih Muslim 1/94, 95; 2/688, 689. Also reported by Imam Ahmad in: al-Musnad 5/152, 159, 161, 166. (24) In A: "mana'uka" (denied you). A similar report was brought by al-Hakim in: The Book of Righteousness and Maintaining Ties, al-Mustadrak 4/162, and by 'Abd al-Razzaq in: The Book of the Compendium, Chapter: Maintaining Ties of Kinship, al-Musannaf 11/172, 173.

العربية (المصدر)

قال: إن دخَلْتِ الدَّارَ أنتِ (٢١) طالقٌ. لم تَطْلُقْ حتى تَدخُلَ. وبه قال بعضُ الشّافعيَّةِ. وقال محمَّدُ بنُ الحسنِ: تَطْلُقُ فى الحالِ؛ لأنَّه لم يُعَلِّقْه بِدُخولِ الدَّارِ؛ لأنَّه إنَّما يُعلَّقُ (٢٢) بالفاءِ، وهذه لا فاءَ فيها، فيكونَ كلامًا مُستأنَفًا غيزَ مُعَلَّقٍ بشَرْطٍ، فيَثْبُتَ حُكمُه فى الحالِ. ولَنا، أنَّه أتَى بحَرْفِ الشَّرْطِ، فيَدُلُّ ذلك على أنَّه أراد التَّعْليقَ به، وإنَّما حذَفَ الفاءَ وهى مُرَادةٌ، كما يُحْذَفُ المبتداُ تارةً، ويُحْذَفُ الخبرُ أُخْرَى، لدَلالةِ باقى الكلامِ على المحذوفِ، ويَجوزُ أن يَكونَ حَذْفُ الفاءِ على التَّقْديمِ والتَّأْخيرِ، فكأنَّه أرادَ: أنتِ طالقٌ إن دَخَلْتِ الدَّارَ. فقَدَّمَ الشَّرطَ، ومُرادُه التَّأخيرُ، ومَهْما أمْكَنَ حملُ كلامِ العاقلِ على فائدةٍ، وتَصْحيحُه عَنِ الفسادِ، وَجَبَ، وفيما ذكَرْنا تَصحيحُه، وفيما ذكَرُوه إلْغاؤُه. وإن قال: أردتُ الإِيقاعَ فى الحالِ. وقَعَ؛ لأنَّه يُقِرُّ على نفسِه بما هو أغْلَظُ. وإن قال: أنتِ طالقٌ وإن دخلتِ الدَّارَ. وقعَ الطَّلاقُ فى الحالِ؛ لأنَّ معناه أنتِ طالقٌ فى كلِّ حالٍ، ولا يَمنعُ من ذلك دخولُك الدَّارَ، كقَوْلِ النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "مَنْ قَالَ: لَا إِلهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ، وَإِنْ زَنَى، وَإِنْ سَرَقَ" (٢٣). وقال: "صلْهُمْ وإِنْ قَطَعُوكَ، وَأَعْطِهِمْ وَإِنْ حَرَمُوكَ (٢٤) ". وإن قال: أردتُ الشَّرْطَ، دِينَ. وهل يُقْبَلُ فى الحُكْمِ؟ يُخَرَّجُ على روايتَيْنِ. فإذا قال: إن دخلْتِ الدَّارَ فأنتِ طالقٌ وإن دَخَلَتِ الأُخْرَى.

الحواشي

(٢١) فى ب، م: "فأنت".(٢٢) فى الأصل، أ: "يتعلق".(٢٣) أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب فى الجنائز ومن كان آخر كلامه لا إله إلا اللَّه، من كتاب الجنائز، وفى: باب الثياب البيض، من كتاب اللباس، وفى: باب من أجاب بلبيك وسعديك، من كتاب الاستئذان، وفى: باب المكثرون هم المقلون، وباب قول النبى -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "ما أحب أن لى مثل أحد ذهبا"، من كتاب الرقاق، وفى: باب كلام الرب مع جبريل ونداء اللَّه الملائكة، من كتاب التوحيد. صحيح البخارى ٢/ ٨٩، ٩٠، ٧/ ١٩٢، ١٩٣، ٨/ ٧٥، ١١٧، ١١٨، ٩/ ١٧٤. ومسلم، فى: باب من مات لا يشرك. . .، من كتاب الإِيمان، وفى: باب الترغيب فى الصدقة، من كتاب الزكاة. صحيح مسلم ١/ ٩٤، ٩٥، ٢/ ٦٨٨، ٦٨٩.كما أخرجه الإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٥/ ١٥٢، ١٥٩، ١٦١، ١٦٦.(٢٤) فى أ: "منعوك".وأخرج نحوه الحاكم، فى: كتاب البر والصلة. المستدرك ٤/ ١٦٢. وعبد الرزاق، فى: باب صلة الرحم، من كتاب الجامع. المصنف ١١/ ١٧٢، ١٧٣.

السابقمجلد 10 · صفحة 446التالي
السابق10·446التالي