talon [divorced]. She is divorced; because the waw (and) is not for the consequence, and it may be for the beginning of a clause. If he says: "I intended by it the consequence," or he says: "I intended to make her entering while she is divorced a condition for something, then I refrained," he is believed. And is it accepted in legal judgment? This is deduced based on two narrations. If he makes a consequence for this, saying: "If you enter the house while you are divorced, then my slave is free," it is valid, and the slave is not freed until she enters the house. And she is divorced; because the waw here is for the state, like the saying of Allah Almighty: "Do not kill game while you are in the state of ihram" [Al-Ma'idah: 95], and His saying: "You have indeed seen it while you were looking" [Al-'Imran: 143]. If he said: "You are divorced if you enter the house while divorced," and she enters while she is divorced, she is divorced again, and if she enters while she is not divorced, she is not divorced; because this is a state, so it proceeds like his saying: "You are divorced if you enter the house while riding." If he says: "You are divorced if you stood up," it is a condition equivalent to his saying: "If you stand up." This is narrated from Abu Yusuf, and because if it were not for the condition, it would be meaningless, and the principle is to consider the speech of the legally responsible person (mukallaf). It is said: The divorce occurs immediately. This is the opinion of some of the Shafi'i scholars; because it, after affirmation, is used for something other than prohibition, like His saying: "And it is indeed a great oath, if you but knew" [Al-Waqi'ah: 76], and "And they saw the punishment; if only they had been guided" [Al-Qasas: 64]. If he says: "I intended to make it a response (answer)," he is believed. And is it accepted in legal judgment? This is deduced based on two narrations.
Section: If he says: "If you eat and drink, then you are divorced." She is not divorced unless both are present, whether eating precedes or follows; because the waw is for conjunction and does not require sequence. If he says: "If you eat or drink, then you are divorced," she is divorced by the presence of one of them; because 'aw' (or) is for one of the two things. Likewise, if he says: "If you eat, or if you drink, or neither eat nor drink." If he says: "You are divorced if you do not eat and drink," she is not divorced unless she does both, except according to the narration which says: He violates the oath by doing some of
(35) Surah Al-Ma'idah, 95. (36) Surah Al-'Imran, 143. (37) Surah Al-Waqi'ah, 76. (38) Surah Al-Qasas, 64. (39) In the original: "hanatha" (he violated the oath).
طالقٌ. طَلُقَتْ؛ لأنَّ الواوَ ليست للجزاءِ، وقد تَكونُ للابتداءِ. فإن قال: أردتُ بها الجزاءَ. أو قال: أردتُ أن أجْعلَ دُخولَها فى حالِ كَوْنِها طالِقًا شَرْطًا لِشَىءٍ، ثم أمْسَكْتُ. دِينَ. وهل يُقبَلُ فى الحُكمِ؟ يُخَرَّجُ على روايتَيْنِ. وإن جَعلَ لهذا جَزاءً، فقال: إن دخَلْتِ الدَّارَ وأنتِ طالقٌ فعبْدِى حُرٌّ. صَحَّ، ولم يَعْتِقِ العبدُ حتى تَدخُلَ الدَّارَ. وهى طالقٌ؛ لأنَّ الواوَ ههُنا للحالِ، كقولِ اللَّهِ تعالى: {لَا تَقْتُلُوا الصَّيْدَ وَأَنْتُمْ حُرُمٌ} (٣٥). وقولِه: {فَقَدْ رَأَيْتُمُوهُ وَأَنْتُمْ تَنْظُرُونَ} (٣٦). ولو قال: أنتِ طالقٌ إن دخلتِ الدَّارَ طالِقًا. فدَخَلَتْ وهى طالِقٌ، طَلُقَتْ أُخْرَى، وإِنْ دَخَلَتْها غيرَ طالِقٍ، لم تَطْلُقْ؛ لأنَّ هذا حالٌ، فجَرى مَجْرَى قولِه: أنت طالقٌ إن دخلتِ الدَّارَ راكبةً. وإن قال: أنتِ طالقٌ لو قُمتِ. كان ذلك شَرْطًا بمنزلَةِ قولِه: إن قُمْتِ. وهذا يُحْكَى عن أبى يوسفَ، ولأنَّها لو لم تَكُنْ للشَّرطِ كانت لَغْوًا، والأصلُ اعتبارُ كَلامِ المُكَلَّفِ. وقِيلَ: يَقَعُ الطَّلاقُ فى الحالِ. وهذا قولُ بعضِ أصحابِ الشَّافعىِّ؛ لأنَّها بعدَ الإِثباتِ تُسْتعمَلُ لغيرِ المَنْعِ، كقولِه تعالى: {وَإِنَّهُ لَقَسَمٌ لَوْ تَعْلَمُونَ عَظِيمٌ} (٣٧)، {وَرَأَوُا الْعَذَابَ لَوْ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَهْتَدُونَ} (٣٨). وإن قال: أرَدْتُ أن أجْعلَ لها جوابًا. دِينَ. وهل يُقْبَلُ فى الحُكمِ؟ يُخَرَّجُ على روايتَيْنِ.
فصل: فإن قال: إن أَكَلْتِ ولَبِسْتِ فأنتِ طالقٌ. لم تَطْلُقْ إلَّا بوُجودِهما جميعًا، سَواءٌ تَقَدَّمَ الأكلُ أو تَأخَّرَ؛ لأنَّ الواوَ للعطفِ ولا تَقْتضِى ترتيبًا. وإن قال: إن أكلتِ أو لَبِسْتِ فأنتِ طالقٌ. طَلُقَتْ بوُجودِ أحدِهما؛ لأنَّ أو لأحَدِ الشَّيئينِ. وكذلك إن قال: إن أكَلْتِ، أو إن لَبسْتِ، أو لا أكَلْتِ ولا لَبِسْتِ. وإن قال: أنتِ طالقٌ لا أكَلْتِ ولَبِسْتِ. لم تَطْلُق إلَّا بفِعْلِهما، إلَّا على الرِّوايةِ التى تقول: يَحْنَثُ (٣٩) بفعلِ بعضِ
(٣٥) سورة المائدة ٩٥.(٣٦) سورة آل عمران ١٤٣.(٣٧) سورة الواقعة ٧٦.(٣٨) سورة القصص ٦٤.(٣٩) فى الأصل: "حنث".