your women, bring four witnesses against them" (53). Their removal is the removal for the purpose of carrying out the hadd penalty for adultery, and then she is returned to her place. Our evidence is that the verse implies removal from the housing, and this does not materialize in what they have stated. As for "fahisha," it is a term for adultery and other obscene speech; it is said: "So-and-so was obscene (afhasha) in his speech." For this reason, it is narrated from the Prophet (peace be upon him) that Aisha said to him: "O Messenger of Allah, you said to so-and-so: 'He is a bad brother of the tribe,' but when he entered, you spoke gently to him." He replied: "O Aisha, Allah does not love obscenity (fuhsh) or the practice of it (tafahhush)" (54). When this is established, the heirs may remove her from that residence to another residence in the house if it is large enough to contain them. If it cannot contain them, or it is not possible to move her to another place within the house, or they cannot be free from her harm by doing so, then they have the right to move her. Some of our companions said: They are the ones who should move away from her, because her residence is mandatory in the place, and it is not mandatory upon them. The text indicates that she is the one to be removed, so what contradicts it is not to be paid attention to (56). Furthermore, the indecency is from her, so the removal is for her. If her in-laws are the ones who harm her and use obscene language toward her, they are the ones who are moved, not her, for she has not committed an indecency, so she is not to be removed according to the requirements of the text, and because the sin is theirs, they are singled out (57) for removal. If the residence belongs to someone other than the deceased, and its owner volunteers to house her in it, she is required to observe her 'iddah there. If he refuses to house her except for rent, it is mandatory to pay it from the wealth of the deceased, unless someone volunteers to pay it, then she is required (58) to observe her 'iddah there. If the owner (59) moves her
(53) Surah Al-Nisa 15. (54) Extracted by Al-Bukhari, in: The Chapter on the Prophet (peace be upon him) not being obscene or practicing obscenity, and the Chapter on what is permissible regarding backbiting the people of corruption and suspicion, and the Chapter on dealing gently with people, from the Book of Adab (Good Manners). Sahih Al-Bukhari 8/15, 16, 20, 21, 38. Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter on Good Conduct, from the Book of Adab. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/551. Imam Malik, in: The Chapter on what has been said regarding good character, from the Book of Good Character. Al-Muwatta 2/903, 904. (55) In B and M: "wa lam" (and not). (56) In A: "yu'awwal" (to be relied upon). (57) In the original: "fayukhtassun" (they are singled out). (58) In the original and B: "wa yalzamha" (and she is required). (59) In A and M: "sahib" (owner).
نِسَائِكُمْ فَاسْتَشْهِدُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةً مِنْكُمْ} (٥٣). وإخْراجُهُنَّ هو الإِخْراجُ لإِقامةِ حَدِّ الزِّنَى، ثم تُرَدُّ إلى مَكانِها. ولَنا، أنَّ الآيةَ تَقْتَضِى الإِخْراجَ عن السُّكْنَى، وهذا لا يتَحَقَّقُ فيما قالاه. وأمَّا الفاحِشَةُ فهى اسْمٌ للزِّنَى وغيرِه من الأقوالِ الفاحِشَةِ، يقال: أفْحَشَ فلانٌ في مَقالِه. ولهذا رُوِىَ عن النَّبِيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، أنَّه قالتْ له عائشةُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، قلتَ لفلانٍ: "بِئْسَ أَخُو الْعَشِيرَةِ". فلما دَخَلَ ألَنْتَ له القولَ. فقال: "يا عَائِشَةُ، إنَّ اللهَ لَا يُحِبُّ الفُحْشَ وَلَا التَّفَحُّشَ" (٥٤). إذا ثَبَتَ هذا، فإنَّ الوَرَثةَ يُخْرِجُونَها عن ذلك المَسْكَنِ، إلى مسكنٍ آخَرَ من الدارِ إن كانَتْ كبيرةً تَجْمَعُهم، فإن كانتْ لا تجمعُهم، أو لم يُمْكِنْ نَقْلُها إلى غيرِه في الدارِ، أو لم (٥٥) يتَخَلَّصُوا من أذاها بذلك، فلهم نَقْلُها. وقال بعضُ أصْحابِنا: يَنْتَقِلُونَ هم عنها؛ لأنَّ سُكْناها واجبٌ في المكانِ، وليس بواجبٍ عليهم. والنَّصُّ يَدُلُّ على أنَّها تُخْرَجُ، فلا يُعَرَّجُ (٥٦) على ما خالَفَه، ولأنَّ الفاحِشةَ منها، فكان الإِخْراجُ لها. وإن كان أحْماؤُها هم الذين يُؤْذُونَها، ويُفْحِشُونَ عليها، نُقِلُوا هم دُونَها، فإنَّها لم تَأْتِ بفاحِشَةٍ، فلا تُخْرَجُ بمُقْتَضَى النَّصِّ، ولأنَّ الذَّنْبَ لهم فيُخَصُّون (٥٧) بالإِخْراجِ. وإن كان المَسْكنُ لغير المَيِّتِ فتَبَرَّعَ صاحِبُه بإسْكانِها فيه، لَزِمَها الاعْتِدادُ به، وإن أبَى أن يُسْكِنَها إلَّا بأُجْرَةٍ، وجَبَ بَذْلُها من مالِ المَيِّتِ، إلَّا أن يتَبَرَّعَ إنسانٌ ببَذْلِها، فيَلْزَمُها (٥٨) الاعْتِدادُ به، فإن حَوَّلَها مالِكُ (٥٩)
(٥٣) سورة النساء ١٥.(٥٤) أخرجه البخاري، في: باب لم يكن النبي -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- فاحشا ولا متفحشا، وباب ما يجوز من اغتياب أهل الفساد والريب، وباب المداراة مع الناس، من كتاب الأدب. صحيح البخاري ٨/ ١٥، ١٦، ٢٠، ٢١، ٣٨. وأبو داود، في: باب في حسن العشرة، من كتاب الأدب. سنن أبي داود ٢/ ٥٥١. والإِمام مالك، في: باب ما جاء في حسن الخلق، من كتاب حسن الخلق. الموطأ ٢/ ٩٠٣، ٩٠٤.(٥٥) في ب، م: "ولم".(٥٦) في أ: "يعول".(٥٧) في الأصل: "فيختصون".(٥٨) في الأصل، ب: "ويلزمها".(٥٩) في أ، م: "صاحب".
