it becomes mixed with other unrelated women. If his lineage is denied from both, such as if she gives birth to him less than six months after intercourse with both of them (38), or after more than four years, or less than six months after intercourse with one and more than four years after intercourse with the other, the nursing child is also denied from both. If the nursing child is a girl, she is prohibited to both through the prohibition of affinity, and her children are also prohibited to both, because she is the daughter of a woman both have had intercourse with (39), thus she is their step-daughter.
Section: The prohibition does not spread through anything other than human milk under any circumstances. If two people are nursed by the milk of an animal, they do not become siblings, according to the opinion of the general body of scholars, including al-Shafi'i, Ibn al-Qasim, Abu Thawr, and the People of Opinion (Ashab al-Ra'y). If they are nursed by a man, they do not become siblings, nor does the prohibition spread between him and them, according to the opinion of the majority. Al-Karabisi (40) said: Prohibition attaches to it because it is human milk, resembling the milk of a woman (41). It was narrated from some of the predecessors (al-Salaf) that if they are nursed by the milk of an animal, they become siblings. This is not correct because this (42) does not entail the prohibition of motherhood, so it does not establish the prohibition of siblinghood, as siblinghood is a derivative of motherhood. Similarly, it does not entail the prohibition of fatherhood for the same reason, and because this milk was not created for the nourishment of the newborn, thus (43) prohibition does not attach to it, like all other food. If milk appears in a hermaphrodite (khuntha mushkil), it does not establish prohibition because it is not established that he is a woman, so prohibition is not established in the presence of doubt. Ibn Hamid said: The matter is held in abeyance until the state of the hermaphrodite becomes clear.
(37) In [M]: "ikhtalafat" (differed). (38) In [A] and [B]: "wat'iha" (her intercourse). (39) In [M]: "baynaha" (between her). (40) Al-Karabisi: attributed to the selling of garments (karabis). He is Abu Ali al-Husayn ibn Ali al-Karabisi al-Baghdadi al-Shafi'i. He was skilled in jurisprudence and hadith, and he was among those who compiled and authored works. He died in the year 245 AH, though it is also said 248 AH. Tabaqat al-Shafi'iyyah al-Kubra 2/117-126. (41) In [B]: "al-adamiyyat" (human women). (42) Dropped from [M]. (43) In [B]: "fala" (then it does not).
اخْتَلَطتْ (٣٧) بأجْنَبِيَّاتٍ. وإن انْتَفَى عنهما جميعًا، بأن تَأْتِىَ به لدونِ سِتَّةِ أشْهُرٍ من وَطْئِهِما (٣٨)، أو لأكثرَ من أرْبعِ سِنِينَ، أو لِدُونِ سِتَّةِ أشْهُرٍ من وَطْءِ أحَدِهما، أو لأكثرَ من أربعِ سِنِينَ من وَطْءِ الآخَرِ، انْتَفَى المُرْتَضِعُ عنهما أيضًا؛ فإن كان المُرْتَضِعُ جارِيةً، حَرُمَتْ عليهما تحريمَ المُصَاهَرَةِ، ويَحْرُمُ أولادُها عليهما أيضًا؛ لأنَّها ابْنةُ مَوْطُوءٍ بهما (٣٩)، فهى رَبِيبَةٌ لهما.
فصل: ولا تَنْتَشِرُ الحُرْمةُ بغيرِ لَبَنِ الآدَمِيَّةِ بحالٍ، فلو ارْتَضَعَ اثْنانِ من لَبَنِ بَهِيمةٍ، لم يَصِيرَا أخَويْنِ، في قولِ عامَّةِ أهلِ العلمِ؛ منهم الشافعيُّ، وابنُ القاسمِ، وأبو ثَوْرٍ، وأصحابُ الرَّأْىِ. ولو ارْتَضَعا من رَجُلٍ، لم يَصِيرَا أخَوَيْنِ، ولم تَنْتَشِر الحُرْمةُ بينَه وبينَهما، في قول عامَّتِهم. وقال الْكَرَابِيسِيُّ (٤٠): يتَعَلَّقُ به التَّحْرِيمُ؛ لأنَّه لَبَنُ آدَمِيٍّ، أشْبَهَ لَبَنَ الآدَمِيَّةِ (٤١). وحُكِىَ عن بعضِ السَّلَفِ، أنَّهما إذا ارْتَضَعا من لَبَنِ بهيمةٍ، صارا أخَوَيْنِ. وليس بصحيحٍ؛ لأنَّ هذا لا (٤٢) يتعَلَّقُ به تَحْريمُ الأُمُومةِ، فلا يَثْبُتُ به تَحْريمُ الأُخُوَّةِ، لأنَّ الأُخُوَّةَ فَرْعٌ على الأُمُومةِ، وكذلك لا يتَعَلَّقُ به تَحْريمُ الأُبوَّةِ لذلك، ولأنَّ هذا اللَّبَنَ لم يُخْلَقْ لغِذَاءِ المَوْلُودِ، فلم (٤٣) يتَعَلَّقْ به التَّحْرِيمُ، كسائرِ الطَّعامِ. فإن ثابَ لخُنْثَى مُشْكِلٍ لَبَنٌ، لم يَثْبُتْ به التَّحْريمُ؛ لأنَّه لم يثْبُتْ كَوْنُه امرأةً، فلا يثْبُتُ التَّحْريمُ مع الشَّكِّ. وقال ابنُ حامدٍ: يَقِفُ الأمرُ حتى يَنْكَشِفَ أمرُ الخُنْثَى.
(٣٧) في م: "اختلفت".(٣٨) في أ، ب: "وطئها".(٣٩) في م: "بينها".(٤٠) الكرابيسي: نسبة إلى بيع الثياب. وهو أبو على الحسين بن على الكرابيسي البغدادي الشافعي، كان يحسن الفقه والحديث، وهو ممن جمع وصنف، وتوفى سنة خمس وأربعين ومائتين. وقيل: سنة ثمان وأربعين. طبقات الشافعية الكبرى ٢/ ١١٧ - ١٢٦.(٤١) في ب: "الآدميات".(٤٢) سقط من: م.(٤٣) في ب: "فلا".