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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 12 · صفحة 181فصل

الترجمة · EN

as they mentioned, it is appropriate to decrease it by the minimum amount through which the prohibited equality is attained, and the remainder is due, acting in accordance with the evidence requiring it. And Allah knows best.

Section: Appraisal (taqwim) is only to be conducted after the wound has healed, because the estimated indemnity for a wound only stabilizes after it has healed. If the injury does not cause any decrease after healing—such as if he cut off an extra finger or hand, or plucked a woman's beard, and this did not diminish her but rather increased her beauty—then the perpetrator is not liable for anything; because discretionary compensation is for the purpose of compensating for a decrease, and there is no decrease here. It is thus similar to one who slaps another on the face and it leaves no effect. And if the injury increased her beauty, the perpetrator is a benefactor through his injury, so he is not liable, just as if he had cut off a growth (sil'ah) or a wart, or lanced an abscess. It is possible that he could be liable. Al-Qadi said: Ahmad stated this explicitly, because this is a part of what is guaranteed, so it is not free from liability, just as if he destroyed something with a fixed indemnity and it resulted in increased beauty, or it did not diminish it at all. According to this, it is appraised in the conditions closest to healing; because when its value after healing is excluded from consideration, it is appraised in the conditions closest to it, like the child of a deceived woman (walad al-maghrur): when it was impossible to appraise it in the womb, it was appraised at the time of birth, because that is the condition closest to being in the womb that makes appraisal possible. If there is no decrease in that state, it is appraised while the blood is flowing; because there must be some decrease due to the danger to it. This was mentioned by al-Qadi. The scholars of the school of al-Shafi'i have two views, as we have mentioned. A woman's beard is appraised as if it were a man's beard in a condition where the loss of his beard would constitute a decrease for him. If he destroyed an extra tooth, it is appraised as if he had no extra tooth, and no original one behind it, then it is appraised after the extra one has gone. If, when we estimate the woman to be twenty years old, the loss of her beard decreases her value slightly, and if we estimate her to be forty, it decreases it significantly, we estimate her to be twenty, because that is the condition closest to the state of the injured party, so it resembles the appraisal of a wound that does not decrease after healing, for we appraise it in the condition closest to [the state of] healing.

الحواشي

(5) In [M]: "and lanced" (wa-batta). (6) In the original and [B]: "a wound" (jirahan). (7) Omitted from: [B], [M]. (8) In [B]: "at" (inda). (9) In [B] and [M]: "conditions" (ahwal).

العربية (المصدر)

ذكَرُوه، فيَنْبغِي أنْ يَنْقُصَ أدْنَى ما تَحْصُلُ به المُساواةُ المحْذُورةُ، ويجبُ الباقي، عَمَلًا بالدَّليلِ المُوجِبِ له. واللهُ أعلمُ.

فصل: ولا يكون التَّقْويمُ إلَّا بعدَ بُرْءِ الجُرْحِ؛ لأنَّ أرْشَ الجُرْحِ المُقَدَّرَ إنَّما يسْتَقِرُّ بعدَ بُرْئِه، فإنْ لم تَنْقُصْه الجنايةُ شيئًا بعدَ البُرْءِ، مثل أن قطَعَ إصْبَعًا أو يَدًا زائدةً، أو قلَعَ لِحْيَةَ امرأةٍ، فلم يَنْقُصْهُ ذلك، بل زادَه حُسْنًا، فلا شىءَ على الجانِي؛ لأنَّ الحُكومةَ لأجلِ جَبْرِ النَّقْصِ، ولا نَقْصَ ههُنا، فأشْبَهَ ما لو لطَمَ وَجْهَه فلم يُؤَثِّرْ، وإن زادَتْهُ الجنايةُ حُسْنًا، فالجاني مُحْسِنٌ بجنايَتِه، فلم يَضْمَنْ، كما لو قطَعَ سَلْعَةً أو ثُؤْلُولًا، أو بَطَّ (٥) خُرَاجًا (٦). ويَحْتَمِلُ أن يَضْمَنَ. قال القاضي: نَصَّ أحمدُ على هذا؛ لأنَّ هذا جُزْءٌ من (٧) مَضْمُونٍ، فلم يَعْرَ عن ضَمانٍ، كما لو أتْلَفَ مُقَدَّرَ الأرْشِ فازْدادَ به جمالًا، أو لم يَنْقُصْه شيئًا، فعلى هذا يُقَوَّمُ في أقْرَبِ الأحْوالِ إلى البُرْءِ؛ لأنَّه لما سَقطَ اعْتبارُ قِيمَتِه بَعْدَ (٨) بُرْئِه، قُوِّمَ في أقْربِ الأحْوالِ إليه، كولدِ المَغْرُورِ، لمَّا تَعَذَّرَ تَقْويمُه في البطنِ، قُوِّمَ عندَ الوَضْعِ؛ لأنَّه أقْرَبُ الأحْوالِ التي أمْكَنَ تَقْوِيمُه إلى كَوْنِه في البَطْنِ. وإنْ لم يَنْقُصْ في تلكَ الحالِ، قُوِّمَ والدَّمُ جَارٍ؛ لأنَّه لا بُدَّ من نَقْصٍ للخَوْفِ عليه. ذكَره القاضي. ولأصْحابِ الشَّافعىِّ وَجْهانِ، كما ذكرْنا. وتُقوَّمُ لِحْيَةُ المرأةِ كأنَّها لِحْيَةُ رجُلٍ في حالٍ يَنْقُصُه ذَهابُ لِحْيَتِه. وإنْ أتْلَفَ سِنًّا زائدةً، قُوِّمَ وليس له سِنٌّ زائدةٌ (٧)، ولا خلَفها أصْلِيَّةٌ، ثمَّ يُقَوَّمُ وقدْ ذهبت الزَّائدةُ. فإنْ كانت المرأةُ إذا قدَّرْنَاها ابنَ عشرين نَقَصَها ذَهابُ لِحْيَتِها يَسِيرًا، وإنْ قَدَّرْناها ابنَ أربعينَ نقَصَها كثيرًا، قَدَّرْناها ابنَ عشرين؛ لأنَّه أقْرَبُ الأحْوالِ إلى حالِ الْمَجْنِيِّ عليه، فأشْبَهَ تَقْوِيمَ الجُرْحِ الذي لا يَنْقُصُ بعدَ الانْدِمالِ، فإنَّا نُقَوِّمُه في أقْرَبِ [الأحْوَالِ إلى] (٩) النَّقْصِ إلى حالِ الانْدِمالِ.

الحواشي

(٥) في م: "وبط".(٦) في الأصل، ب: "جراحا".(٧) سقط من: ب، م.(٨) في ب: "عند".(٩) في ب، م: "أحوال".

السابقمجلد 12 · صفحة 181التالي
السابق12·181التالي