if he kills someone else, as evidenced by His saying: "And blood money paid to his family." A person who kills himself does not owe blood money, as evidenced by the killing of 'Amir ibn al-Akwa'. And God knows best.

Section: Whoever participates in a killing that necessitates expiation, expiation becomes incumbent upon him, and it is incumbent upon each of his partners as well. This is the opinion of the majority of scholars, including Al-Hasan, 'Ikrimah, Al-Nakha'i, Al-Harith al-'Uqli, Al-Thawri, Malik, Al-Shafi'i, and the People of Opinion (Ashab al-Ra'y). Abu al-Khattab narrated another version from Ahmad: that there is only one expiation for all of them. This is the view of Abu Thawr. It was also narrated from Al-Awza'i, and Abu 'Ali al-Tabari narrated it from Al-Shafi'i, though all his other companions denied this. Those who argued for one expiation cited His saying, the Almighty: "And whoever kills a believer by mistake - then the freeing of a believing slave." The word "whoever" (man) encompasses both the individual and the group, and it did not necessitate more than one expiation and one blood money payment. Since the blood money does not multiply, neither does the expiation. Furthermore, it is an expiation for a killing, so it does not multiply by the multiplicity of killers while the killed person remains one, just like the expiation for killing game in the sacred territory (Haram). Our argument is that it cannot be divided, and it is among the consequences of killing a human being, so it is completed in the case of every one of the participants, just like retaliation (Qisas). It differs from the expiation for hunting game, as that is a substitute (badal), and for this reason, it is mandatory even for parts of the animal, as is the case with blood money.

Section: If one strikes the abdomen of a woman and she gives birth to a dead fetus, expiation is mandatory upon him. This is the opinion of Al-Hasan, 'Ata', Al-Zuhri, Al-Nakha'i, Al-Hakam, Hammad, Malik, Al-Shafi'i, and Ishaq. Abu Hanifah said: It is not mandatory. This issue has already passed in the section on the blood money for a fetus.

Section: The well-known position in the school (Madhab) is that there is no expiation for intentional killing. This is the opinion of Al-Thawri, Malik, Abu Thawr, Ibn al-Mundhir, and the People of Opinion. Another version from Ahmad states that expiation is mandatory in such a case. This was also narrated from Al-Zuhri and is the view of Al-Shafi'i, based on what Wathilah ibn al-Asqa' narrated, saying: We came to the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, with a companion of ours who had become liable for killing, and he said: "Free a slave on his behalf."