on God, a man who killed in the Sacred Precinct, a man who killed someone other than his killer, and a man who killed for a vendetta (39) of the Pre-Islamic period (40)." The prohibition of hunting is not the cause for the aggravation, even if it is among the factors contributing to it, for the prohibition of the Sacred Precinct differs, as it is not mandatory to pay a penalty (Jaza') for one who kills game within it. Furthermore, grazing (41) within it is not prohibited, nor is gathering fodder from it, nor what is needed for one's traveling equipment, tools, or similar things.
1464 - Issue: He said: (The 'Aqilah [male relatives on the paternal side] do not bear the liability for a slave, intentional killing, reconciliation settlements, confessions, or amounts less than a third [of the blood money].)
There are five issues in this matter:
First: That the 'Aqilah does not bear liability for a slave. This means that if a killer kills a slave, his value becomes due from the killer's wealth, and there is nothing upon his 'Aqilah, whether it was unintentional or intentional. This is the opinion of Ibn Abbas, al-Sha'bi, al-Thawri, Makhul, al-Nakha'i, al-Batti, Malik, al-Layth, Ibn Abi Layla, Ishaq, and Abu Thawr. Ata', al-Zuhri, al-Hakam, Hammad, and Abu Hanifah said: The 'Aqilah does bear it, because he is a human being for whose killing retaliation (Qisas) and expiation (Kaffarah) are due, so the 'Aqilah bears his compensation, like a free person. There are two opinions from al-Shafi'i, and Abu Hanifah agreed with us regarding the blood money for his limbs. Our evidence is what Ibn Abbas narrated from the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, that he said: "The 'Aqilah does not bear [liability for] an intentional act, nor a slave, nor a reconciliation settlement, nor a confession." (1) It was also narrated from Ibn Abbas as a statement attributed to him (Mawquf), and we do not know of any Companion who opposed him.
(39) Al-Dahl: Blood vengeance. (40) Recorded by Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 2/187, 4/32. (41) In [copies] B and M: "for grazing." (1) Recorded by al-Bayhaqi, in: The Chapter on those who said: The 'Aqilah does not bear [liability for] an intentional act..., from the Book of Blood Money (Diyat). Al-Sunan al-Kubra 8/104. Abu Ubayd also mentioned it in: Gharib al-Hadith 4/446. Both are attributed to Ibn Abbas (Mawquf). Ibn Hajar said: Ibn al-Sabbagh said: It is not established as connected (Muttasil), rather it is attributed to Ibn Abbas (Mawquf). Talkhis al-Habir 4/31.
عَلَى اللهِ، رَجُلٌ قَتَلَ فِي الْحَرَمِ، ورَجُلٌ قَتَلَ غَيْرَ قاتِلِهِ، ورَجُلٌ قَتَلَ بِذَحْلِ (٣٩) الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ" (٤٠). وتَحْرِيمُ الصَّيْدِ ليس هو العِلَّةَ في التَّغْليظِ، وإن كان من جُمْلَةِ المُؤثِّرِ، فقد خالَفَ تَحْرِيمَ الحَرَمِ، فإنَّه لا يَجِبُ الجَزَاءُ على مَنْ قَتَلَ فيه صَيْدًا. ولا يَحْرُمُ الرَّعْىُ (٤١) فيهِ، ولا الاحْتِشاشُ منه، ولا ما يُحْتاجُ إليه من الرَّحْلِ والعارِضَةِ والقائمةِ وشِبْهِه.
١٤٦٤ - مسألة؛ قال: (والْعَاقِلَةُ لَا تَحْمِلُ الْعَبْدَ، ولَا الْعَمْدَ، ولَا الصُّلْحَ، ولَا الاعْتِرَافَ، ومَا دُونَ الثُّلُثِ)
في هذه المسألة خمسُ مَسائلَ:
الأولى: أنَّ العاقلةَ لا تَحْمِلُ العَبْدَ. يَعْنِى إذا قَتَلَ العَبْدَ قاتِلٌ، وجَبَتْ قِيمَتُه في مالِ القاتلِ، ولا شىءَ على عاقِلَتِه، خطَأً كان أو عَمْدًا. وهذا قولُ ابنِ عباسٍ، والشَّعْبِىِّ، والثَّوْرِيِّ، ومَكْحُولٍ، والنَّخَعِيِّ، والْبَتِّىِّ، ومالكٍ، واللَّيْثِ، وابنِ أبي لَيْلَى، وإسْحاقَ، وأبي ثَوْرٍ. وقال عَطاءٌ، والزُّهْرِىُّ، والحَكَمُ، وحَمَّادٌ، وأبو حنيفةَ: تَحْمِلُه العاقلةُ؛ لأنَّه آدَمِىٌّ يَجِبُ بقَتْلِه القِصاصُ والكَفّارةُ، فحَمَلَتِ العاقِلةُ بَدَلَه، كالحُرِّ، وعن الشافعىِّ كالمَذْهبَيْنِ، ووافَقَنا أبو حَنِيفةَ في دِيَةِ أطْرَافِه. ولَنا، ما رَوَى ابنُ عباسٍ، عن النَّبِيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- أنَّه قال: "لَا تَحْمِلُ الْعَاقِلةُ عَمْدًا، ولَا عَبْدًا، وَلا صُلْحًا، لَا اعْتِرافًا" (١). ورُوِىَ عن ابنِ عباسٍ مَوْقُوفًا عليه، ولم نَعْرِفْ له في الصَّحابةِ مُخالِفًا،
(٣٩) الذحل: الثأر.(٤٠) أخرجه الإِمام أحمد، في: المسند ٢/ ١٨٧، ٤/ ٣٢.(٤١) في ب، م: "للرعى".(١) أخرجه البيهقي، في: باب من قال: لا تحمل العاقلة عمدا. . ., من كتاب الديات. السنن الكبرى ٨/ ١٠٤. وذكره أبو عبيد، في: غريب الحديث ٤/ ٤٤٦. كلاهما موقوفا على ابن عباس. قال ابن حجر: قال ابن الصباغ: لم يثبت متصلا، وإنما هو موقوف على ابن عباس. تلخيص الحبير ٤/ ٣١.