it constitutes a doubt that prevents the acceptance of his testimony in the hadd, because it is warded off by doubts. The fourth condition is probity (adalah); there is no disagreement in requiring it, for probity is required in all other testimonies, and it is more appropriate here due to the increased caution required. Thus, the testimony of a libertine (fasiq) is not accepted, nor is the testimony of one whose state is hidden and whose probity is unknown, because it is possible that he is a libertine. The fifth condition is that they must be Muslims; therefore, the testimony of the People of the Dhimma (protected non-Muslims) is not accepted in this regard, whether the testimony is against a Muslim or a Dhimmi. This is because the People of the Dhimma are disbelievers, and probity cannot be established in them, nor are their narrations or religious reports accepted, so their testimony is not accepted, just like that of idolaters. The sixth condition is that they must describe the act of adultery (zina), by saying: "We saw his phallus in her vagina, like the applicator in the kohl container, and the rope in the well." This is the opinion of Mu'awiyah ibn Abi Sufyan, Al-Zuhri, Al-Shafi'i, Abu Thawr, Ibn al-Mundhir, and the scholars of the school of opinion (Ashab al-Ra'y); this is because it was narrated in the story of Ma'iz that when he confessed adultery to the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace), he asked: "Did you have intercourse with her?" He said: "Yes." He then asked: "Until that of yours disappeared into that of hers, just as the applicator disappears in the kohl container, and the rope in the well?" He said: "Yes" (7). If explicit description is required in confession, then requiring it in testimony is even more appropriate. Abu Dawud (8) narrated with his chain of transmission from Jabir who said: The Jews brought a man and a woman of theirs who had committed adultery. The Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) said: "Bring me the two most learned men among you." They brought him the two sons of Suriya, and he adjured them: "How do you find the matter of these two in the Torah?" They said: "We find in the Torah that if four people witness that they saw his phallus in her vagina, like the probe in the kohl container, they are to be stoned." He said: "Then what prevents you (9) from stoning them?" They replied: "Our authority has departed, and we disliked the killing." So the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) called for the witnesses, and four came and testified that they saw his phallus in her vagina like the probe in the kohl container, so the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) ordered them to be stoned. Furthermore, if they do not describe the adultery, it is possible that what is being testified to (10) does not warrant