They retracted that, so consensus was established. Therefore, whoever considers it lawful now has lied against the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, because its prohibition has become known by necessity through the means of transmission; thus, he commits disbelief thereby, and he is to be asked to repent. If he repents, it is well; otherwise, he is to be executed. Al-Juzajani narrated with his chain of transmission from Ibn Abbas that Qudamah ibn Maz'un drank wine, and Umar said to him, "What drove you to that?" He said, "Indeed, Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, says: 'There is no blame upon those who believe and do righteousness for what they have consumed' the verse. And I am among the first emigrants from the people of Badr and Uhud." Umar said to the people, "Answer the man." They remained silent toward him, so he said to Ibn Abbas, "Answer him." He said, "Allah, the Exalted, only revealed it as an excuse for the past, for those who drank it before it was prohibited, and He revealed: 'Indeed, intoxicants, gambling, [sacrificing on] stone alters...' as an argument against the people." Then Umar asked about the hadd (prescribed punishment) for it, so Ali ibn Abi Talib said: "If he drinks, he becomes intoxicated, and if he becomes intoxicated, he slanders; therefore, lash him eighty [times]." So Umar lashed him eighty lashes. Al-Waqidi narrated that Umar said to him, "You have erred in interpretation, O Qudamah; had you been God-fearing, you would have avoided what Allah prohibited for you." Al-Khallal narrated with his chain of transmission from Muharib ibn Dithar that some people drank wine in the Levant, and Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan said to them, "Have you drunk wine?" They said, "Yes, Allah the Exalted says: 'There is no blame upon those who believe and do righteousness for what they have consumed' the verse." So he wrote regarding them to Umar ibn al-Khattab, and he wrote back to him: "If this letter of mine reaches you during the day, do not wait with them until the night, and if it reaches you at night, do not wait with them until the day, until you send them to me, so that they do not tempt the servants of Allah." So he sent them to Umar, who consulted the people regarding them. He said to Ali, "What is your view?" He said, "I view that they have legislated in the religion of Allah that which Allah has not permitted. If they claim that it is lawful, execute them, for they have made lawful what Allah has prohibited, and if they claim that it is forbidden,"
(7) In B: "And it is narrated". In M: "And he narrated". (8) Omitted from: M. (9) In M: "his drinking of them". (10) Surah al-Ma'idah 90. The words "and stone altars" do not appear in B and M. (11) Omitted from: Original manuscript and B.
فَرَجَعُوا إلى ذلك، فانْعَقدَ الإِجماعُ، فَمَن اسْتحَلَّها الآن، فقد كَذَّبَ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-؛ لأنَّه قد عُلِمَ ضَرورةً من جِهَةِ النَّقْلِ تَحْرِيمُه، فيَكْفُرُ بذلك، ويُسْتَتابُ، فإن تابَ، وإلَّا قُتِلَ. رَوَى (٧) الجُوزَجَانِىُّ، بإسْنادِه عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أنَّ قُدامةَ بنَ مَظْعونٍ شَرِبَ الخمرَ، فقال له عمرُ: ما حَمَلَكَ على ذلك؟ فقال: إنَّ اللَّه عَزَّ وجَلَّ يقولُ: {لَيْسَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ جُنَاحٌ فِيمَا طَعِمُوا} الآية (٨). وإنِّى من المُهاجِرين الأوَّلينَ من أهلِ بدرٍ وأُحُدٍ. فقال عمرُ للقومِ: أجِيبُوا الرَّجُلَ. فسكتُوا عنه، فقال لابنِ عباسٍ: أجِبْه. فقال: إنَّما أنْزَلها اللَّه تعالى عُذْرًا للماضِينَ، لِمَنْ شَرِبَها (٩) قبلَ أن تُحَرَّمَ، وأنزل: {إِنَّمَا الْخَمْرُ وَالْمَيْسِرُ وَالْأَنْصَابُ} (١٠). حُجَّةً على النَّاسِ. ثم سألَ عمرُ عن (٨) الحَدِّ فيها، فقال علىُّ بنُ أبى طالبٍ: إذا شَرِبَ هَذَى، وإذا هَذَى افْترَى فاجْلِدُوه ثمانينَ، فجلَدَه عمرُ ثمانينَ جَلْدَةً (١١). ورَوَى الْواقِدِىُّ، أنَّ عمرَ قال له: أخْطَأْتَ التَّأْويلَ يا قُدامةُ، إذا اتَّقَيْتَ اجْتَنَبْتَ ما حرَّمَ اللهُ عليك. وروَى الخَلَّالُ، بإسْنادهِ عن مُحارِبِ بنِ دِثَارٍ، أنَّ أُناسًا شَرِبُوا بالشامِ الخمرَ، فقال لهم يزيدُ بنُ أبى سفيان: شَرِبْتُمُ الخمرَ؟ قالوا: نعم، يقولُ اللَّه تعالى: {لَيْسَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ جُنَاحٌ فِيمَا طَعِمُوا} الآية. فكتبَ فيهم إلى عمرَ بنِ الخطَّابِ، فكتبَ إليه: إن أتاكَ كتابِى هذا نهارًا، فلا تنْتَظِرْ بهم إلى اللَّيْلِ، وإن أتاكَ ليلًا، فلا تنْتَظِرْ بهم نهارًا، حتى تَبْعثَ بهم إلىَّ، لِئَلَّا يَفْتِنُوا عبادَ اللهِ. فبعثَ بهم إلى عمرَ، فشاورَ فيهم النَّاسَ، فقال لعلىٍّ: ما تَرَى؟ فقال: أرَى أنَّهم قد شَرَّعُوا في دينِ اللهِ ما لم يأْذَنِ اللهُ فيه، فإن زَعَمُوا أنَّها حَلالٌ، فاقْتُلْهم، فقد أحلُّوا ما حرَّمَ اللهُ، وإن زَعَمُوا أنَّها حَرَامٌ،
(٧) في ب: "ويروى". وفي م: "وروى".(٨) سقط من: م.(٩) في م: "شربهما".(١٠) سورة المائدة ٩٠. ولم يرد في ب، م: "والأنصاب".(١١) سقط من: الأصل، ب.