implies prohibition. If there had been a permissible way to utilize it, its pouring out would not have been allowed; rather, he would have guided them to it, especially since it belonged to orphans whose neglect regarding their wealth is forbidden. Furthermore, this is the consensus of the Companions. It is narrated that Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, ascended the pulpit and said (5): "It is not lawful for khamr that has been corrupted to be turned into vinegar until Allah the Exalted is the One who undertakes its corruption." There is no harm for a Muslim to buy vinegar from the People of the Scripture, provided he does not intentionally cause it to corrupt; for at that point, the prohibition applies. This was reported by Abu 'Ubayd in "Al-Amwal" (6) with a similar meaning. This is a widely known statement because he addressed the people with it from the pulpit, and it was not objected to. As for when it turns into vinegar on its own, it becomes pure and lawful according to the opinion of all of them. It has been narrated from a group of the early generations that they used vinegar derived from khamr; among them were Ali, Abu al-Darda, Ibn Umar, and Aisha. Al-Hasan and Sa'id ibn Jubayr granted a concession regarding it. There is nothing in any of their reports suggesting that they intentionally turned it into vinegar, nor that it turned into vinegar on its own. However, Umar clarified this with his statement: "It is not lawful for khamr that has been corrupted to be turned into vinegar until Allah is the One who undertakes its corruption." This is because when it turns into vinegar on its own, the cause of its prohibition is removed without a successor cause, so it becomes pure, like water when its change (7) is removed by remaining stagnant. If something is thrown into it and it becomes impure thereby, then (8) it turns into vinegar, what was thrown into it remains impure, thus rendering it impure and prohibited. As for if one moves it from one place to another, and it turns into vinegar without anything having been thrown into it, then if he did not intend to turn it into vinegar, it becomes lawful by that, because it turned into vinegar through the act of Allah the Exalted upon it. If he did intend to turn it into vinegar by doing so, it is possible that it becomes pure, because there is no difference between the two cases except for the intention, which does not necessitate its prohibition. It is also possible that it does not become pure, because it was turned into vinegar intentionally, and thus does not become pure, just as if something had been thrown into it.
1607 - Issue: He said: (And drinking from vessels of gold and silver is forbidden)
= It was also reported by Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 3/119, 180, 260. (5) Omitted from: B. (6) In: The Chapter of What is Permissible for the People of the Dhimma to Initiate..., from the book of the Conquest of Lands (Futuḥ al-Arḍīn), its peace treaties, its sunnahs, and its rulings. Al-Amwal 104. (7) In M: "Taghayyur" (change). (8) In M, there is an addition: "Idha" (if).
يَقْتَضِى التَّحْرِيمَ، ولو كان إلى اسْتِصْلاحِها سبيلٌ، لم تَجُزْ إراقَتُها، بل أرْشَدَهم إليه، سِيَّمَا وهى لأَيْتَامٍ يحْرُمُ التَّفْرِيطُ في أمْوالِهِم؛ ولأنَّه إجماعُ الصَّحَابَةِ، فرُوِىَ أنَّ عمرَ، رَضِىَ اللهُ عنه، صَعِدَ المنبرَ، فقال (٥): لَا يَحِلُّ خَلُّ خَمْرٍ أُفْسِدَتْ، حتى يكونَ اللهُ تعالى هو تَوَلَّى إفْسادَها. ولا بأسَ على مسلمٍ ابْتاعَ من أهل الكِتَابِ خَلًّا، ما لم يتعمَّدْ لإِفْسادِها، فعند ذلك يقَعُ النَّهْىُ. رواه أبو عُبَيْدٍ في "الأموالِ" (٦) بنَحْوٍ من هذا المعنى. وهذا قولٌ يَشْتَهِرُ؛ لأنَّه خَطَبَ به النَّاسَ على المنبرِ، فلم يُنْكَرْ. فأمَّا إذا انْقَلبتْ بنفسِها، فإنَّها تَطْهُرُ وتَحِلُّ، في قولِ جميعِهم، فقد رُوِىَ عن جماعَةٍ من الأوائلِ، أنَّهم اصْطَبَغُوا بخلِّ خمرٍ؛ منهم علىٌّ، وأبو الدَّرْدَاءِ، وابنُ عمرَ، وعائِشَةُ. ورَخَّصَ فيه الحَسَنُ، وسعيدُ بنُ جُبَيرٍ. وليس في شيءٍ من أخبارِهم أنَّهم اتخذُوه خَلًّا، ولا أنَّه انْقَلبَ بنفسِه، لكن قد بيَّنَه عمرُ بقَوْلِه: لا يَحِلُّ خَلُّ خمرٍ أُفْسِدَتْ، حتى يكونَ اللهُ هو يَتَوَلَّى إفْسادَها. ولأنَّها إذا انْقَلبتْ بنفسِها، فقد زالَتْ عِلَّةُ تَحْرِيمِها، من غيرِ عِلَّةٍ خَلَفَتْها، فطَهُرَتْ، كالماءِ إذا زالَ تَغَيُّرهُ (٧) بِمُكْثِه. وإذا أُلْقِىَ فيها شَىْءٌ تَنَجَّسَ بها، ثم (٨) انْقَلبَتْ، بَقِىَ ما أُلْقِىَ فيها نَجِسًا، فَنَجَّسَها وحَرَّمَها. فأمَّا إن نَقَلَها من مَوْضِعٍ إلى آخَرَ، فتخلَّلَتْ من غيرِ أن يُلْقِىَ فيها شيئًا، فإن لم يَكُنْ قَصَدَ تخْليلَها، حَلَّتْ بذلك؛ لأنَّها تخلَّلَتْ بفِعْلِ اللهِ تعالى فيها. وإن قَصَدَ بذلك تَخْليلَها، احْتَمَلَ أن تَطْهُرَ؛ لأنَّه لا فَرْقَ بينهما إلَّا القَصْدُ، فلا يَقْتَضِى تَحْرِيمَها. ويَحْتَمِلُ أن لا تَطْهُرَ؛ لأنَّها خُلِّلَتْ، فلم تَطْهُرْ، كما لو أُلْقِىَ فيها شيءٌ.
١٦٠٧ - مسألة؛ قال: (والشُّرْبُ في آنِيَةِ الذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ حَرَامٌ)
= كما أخرجه الإِمام أحمد، في: المسند ٣/ ١١٩، ١٨٠، ٢٦٠.(٥) سقط من: ب.(٦) في: باب ما يجوز لأهل الذمة أن يحدثوا. . ., من كتاب فتوح الأرضين صلحا وسننها وأحكامها. الأموال ١٠٤.(٧) في م: "تغير".(٨) في م زيادة: "إذا".