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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 12 · صفحة 67

الترجمة · EN

If he does not find a ghurrah, he shifts to five camels, according to the opinion of al-Khiraqi. According to others, he shifts to fifty dinars or six hundred dirhams.

Fifth Section: The ghurrah is inherited from the fetus, as if it had been born alive, for it is its blood money and its substitute. Thus, its heirs inherit it, just as if it had been killed after birth. This is the opinion of Malik, al-Shafi'i, and the People of Opinion (Ashab al-Ra'y). Al-Layth said: It is not inherited, but rather becomes a substitute for its mother, because it is like a limb of hers, so it resembles her hand. Our position is that it is the blood money of a free human, so it must be inherited from it, just as if she had given birth to it alive and it then died. His statement that it is a limb of hers is incorrect, for if it were a limb, its substitute would be included in the blood money of its mother, like her hand, and the punishment of qisas (retaliation) would not be prevented from the mother, nor would the hadd punishment be established against her on its account, nor would the kaffarah (expiation) be required for killing it, nor would its emancipation be valid independent of hers, nor hers independent of his, nor would its life be conceivable after her death. Furthermore, every person whose life is guaranteed by blood money is inherited from, just like the blood money of a living person. Consequently, if she miscarries a dead fetus, then dies, she inherits her share of the ghurrah, then her heirs inherit it from her. If she miscarries it alive, then it dies before her, then she dies, she inherits her share of its blood money, then her heirs inherit it from her. If she dies before it, then she casts it out dead, neither of them inherits from the other. If it emerges alive, then she dies before it, then it dies, or she dies, then it emerges alive and then dies, it inherits from her, then its heirs inherit from it. If their heirs disagree regarding which of them died first, their ruling is the same as the ruling for those who drown, as mentioned in its proper place. According to the opinion of al-Khiraqi regarding the issue he mentioned, if a woman and her son die, the heirs of each of them swear an oath and receive their share of his inheritance. If she casts out a fetus dead, or alive and it then dies, then she casts out another alive...

الحواشي

(44) In B, there is an addition: "min" (from). (45) In M: "diyatuhu" (its blood money). (46) In B: "warathatuha" (her heirs). What is in the original and M means that the remaining ghurrah is inherited by its heirs. (47) In M, there is an addition: "She died before it, then she cast it out dead, neither of them inherits from the other, and if it emerges" - this is a repetition of what is to come. (48) Omitted from: M. (49) In the original and B: "warathatuhuma" (the heirs of both). (50) It was previously discussed in the Book of Inheritance (Kitab al-Fara'id) 9/170.

العربية (المصدر)

وإذا لم يَجِدِ الغُرَّةَ، انْتَقَلَ إلى خَمْسٍ من الإِبلِ. على قَوْلِ الْخِرَقِىِّ. وعلى قولِ غيرِه، يَنْتَقِلُ إلى خَمْسِينَ دينارًا أو سِتِّمائة دِرْهَمٍ.

الفصل الخامس: أنَّ الغُرَّةَ مَوْرُوثةٌ عن الجَنِينِ، كأنَّه سَقَطَ حَيًّا؛ لأنَّها دِيَةٌ له، وبَدَلٌ عنه، فيَرِثُها ورَثَتُه، كما لو قُتِلَ بعدَ الوِلادَةِ. وبهذا قال مالكٌ، والشافعيُّ، وأصْحابُ الرَّأْىِ. وقال اللَّيْثُ: لا تُورَثُ، بل تكونُ بَدَلَه لأُمِّه؛ لأنَّه كعُضْوٍ من أعضائِها، فأشْبَهَ يَدَها. ولَنا، أنَّها دِيَةُ آدَمِىٍّ حُرٍّ، فوَجَبَ أن تكونَ مَوْرُوثةً عنه، كما لو ولَدَتْه حيًّا ثم مات، وقولُه: إنَّه عُضْوٌ من أعضائِها. لا يَصِحُّ؛ لأنَّه لو كان عُضْوًا لَدَخَلَ بَدَلُه في دِيَةِ أُمِّه، كيَدِها، ولما مُنِعَ (٤٤) القِصاصُ من أُمِّه، وإقَامُة الحَدِّ عليها من أجْلِه، ولَما وَجَبَتِ الكَفَّارةُ بقَتْلِه، ولَما صَحَّ عِتْقُه دُونَها، ولا عِتْقُها دُونَه، ولا تَصَوُّرُ حياتِه بعدَ مَوْتِها، ولأنَّ كلَّ نَفْسٍ تُضْمَنُ بالدِّيَةِ تُورَثُ، كَدِيَةِ الحَىِّ. فعلى هذا، إذا أسْقَطَتْ جَنِينًا مَيِّتًا، ثم ماتَتْ، فإنَّها تَرِثُ نَصِيبَها من الغُرَّةِ (٤٥)، ثم يَرِثُها ورَثَتُه (٤٦). وإن (٤٧) أسْقَطَتْهُ (٤٨) حيًّا، ثم مات قَبْلَها، ثم ماتتْ، فإنَّها تَرِثُ نَصِيبَها من دِيَتِه، ثم يَرِثُها ورَثَتُها. وإن ماتتْ قبلَه، ثم ألْقَتْه مَيِّتًا، لم يَرِثْ أحَدُهما صاحِبَه. وإن خَرَجَ حَيًّا، ثم ماتتْ قبلَه ثم مات، أو ماتتْ ثم خَرَجَ حَيًّا ثم مات، وَرِثَها، ثم يَرِثُه ورَثَتُه. وإن اخْتَلَفَ وُرّاثُهُما (٤٩) في أَوَّلِهما مَوْتًا، فحُكْمُهما حُكْمُ الغَرْقَى. على ما ذُكِرَ في مَوْضِعِه (٥٠). ويَجىءُ على قَوْلِ الْخِرَقِىِّ في المسألةِ التي ذكَرَها، إذا ماتتِ امرأةٌ وابْنُها، أن يَحْلِفَ ورَثَةُ كلِّ واحدٍ منهما ويَخْتَصُّوا بمِيراثِه، وإن ألْقَتْ جَنِينًا مَيِّتًا، أو حَيًّا ثم مات، ثم ألْقَتْ

الحواشي

(٤٤) في ب زيادة: "من".(٤٥) في م: "ديته".(٤٦) في ب: "ورثتها". وما في الأصل، م، أي يرث بقية الغرة ورثته.(٤٧) في م زيادة: "ماتت قبله ثم ألقته ميتا لم يرث أحدهما صاحبه، وإن خرج". وهو تكرار لما سيأتي.(٤٨) سقط من: م.(٤٩) في الأصل، ب: "وارثتهما".(٥٠) تقدم في كتاب الفرائض ٩/ ١٧٠.

السابقمجلد 12 · صفحة 67التالي
السابق12·67التالي