another alive, then in the dead one there is a ghurrah, and in the first living one there is full blood money, provided that its miscarriage occurred at a time when one like it could survive, and the other inherits from both, then its heirs inherit from it if it dies. If the mother died after the first and before the second, the mother and the second fetus inherit from the first's blood money; then, when the mother dies, the second inherits from her, and then his inheritance passes to his heirs. If the mother died after both, she inherits from both of them.
Section: If he strikes a woman's belly and she casts out multiple fetuses, then for each one there is a ghurrah. This is the opinion of al-Zuhri, Malik, al-Shafi'i, Ishaq, and Ibn al-Mundhir. He said: "I do not recall any disagreement among others." This is because it is the guarantee of a human life, so it multiplies according to the number of beings, like blood money. If she casts them out alive at a time when those like them could survive and then they die, then for each one there is full blood money. If some of them were alive and died, and some were dead, then for the living one there is blood money, and for the dead one there is a ghurrah.
Section: The 'aqilah (agnatic kin) bear the blood money of the fetus if it dies with its mother. Ahmad explicitly stated this if the injury against her was by mistake (khata') or quasi-intentional (shibh 'amd), because of what al-Mughirah ibn Shu'bah narrated, that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) decreed regarding a fetus a ghurrah—a male or female slave—to be paid by the 'asabah (agnatic heirs) of the perpetrator. If the killing of the mother was intentional, or the fetus died alone, the 'aqilah do not bear it. Al-Shafi'i said: The 'aqilah bear it in all cases, based on his statement that the 'aqilah bears both small and large amounts. The injury to the fetus is not intentional, because its existence is not established to be the target of the strike. Our position is that the 'aqilah does not bear what is less than a third, as we have mentioned, and this is less than a third. If it dies from an intentional injury, then the blood money of its mother is upon her killer, and likewise is its blood money, because the injury—if the perpetrator bears some of its blood money and others bear some of it—would mean the entirety is...
(51) Omitted from: the original, B. (52) In B: "warithahu" (his heirs inherit from him). (53) In B and M: "wahidah" (one). (54) In M: "wa-tahammuhu" (and bear it). (55) In M, there is an addition: "wahdahu aw" (alone or). (56) In the original: "jinayatihi" (his injury).
آخرَ حَيًّا، ففى المَيِّتِ غُرَّةٌ، وفى الحىِّ الأوَّلِ دِيَةٌ كاملةٌ (٥١)، إذا كان سُقُوطُه لوقتٍ يعيشُ مثلُه، ويَرِثُهما الآخَرُ، ثم يَرِثُه (٥٢) ورَثَتُه إن مات. وإن كانت الأمُّ قد ماتتْ بعدَ الأوَّلِ وقبلَ الثاني، فإنَّ دِيَةَ الأوَّلِ تَرِثُ منها الأُمُّ والجنينُ الثاني، ثم إذا ماتتِ الأمُّ، وَرِثَها الثاني، ثم يَصِيرُ مِيرَاثُه لوَرَثَتِه. وإن ماتتِ الأمُّ بعدَهُما، ورِثَتْهُما جميعًا.
فصل: وإذا ضَرَبَ بَطْنَ امْرأةٍ، فألْقَتْ أجِنَّةً، ففى كلِّ واحدةٍ غُرَّةٌ. وبهذا قال الزُّهْرِىُّ، ومالكٌ، والشافعيُّ، وإسْحاقُ، وابنُ المُنْذِرِ. قال: ولا أحْفَظُ عن غيرِهم خِلافَهم. وذلك لأنَّه ضمَانُ آدَمِىٍّ، فتَعَدَّدَ بتَعَدُّدِه، كالدِّيَاتِ. وإن ألْقَتْهُم أحْياءَ في وقتٍ يعيشُونَ في مثلِه ثم ماتوا، ففى كلِّ واحدٍ (٥٣) دِيَةٌ كاملةٌ. وإن كان بعضُهم حَيًّا فمات، وبعضُهم مَيِّتًا، ففى الْحَىِّ دِيَةٌ، وفى المَيِّتِ غُرَّةٌ.
فصل: وتَحْمِلُ (٥٤) العاقلةُ دِيَةَ الْجَنينِ إذا ماتَ مع أُمِّه. نَصَّ عليه أحمدُ، إذا كانت الجِنايةُ عليها خطأً أو شِبْهَ عَمْدٍ؛ لما رَوَى المُغِيرةُ بن شُعْبةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قَضَى في الْجَنينِ بغُرَّةٍ، عَبْدٍ أو أمةٍ، على عَصَبةِ القاتلةِ. وإن كان قَتْلُ الأُمِّ عَمْدًا، أو مات الجَنِينُ وحدَه، لم تَحْمِلْه العاقلةُ. وقال الشافعيُّ: تَحْمِلُه العاقلةُ على كلِّ حالٍ، بِناءً على قولِه: إنَّ العاقلةَ تَحْمِلُ القليلَ والكثيرَ. والجنايةُ على الجنينِ ليستْ بعَمْدٍ؛ لأنَّه لا يتَحَقَّقُ وجُودُه ليكونَ مَقْصُودًا بالضَّرْبِ. ولَنا، أنَّ العاقلةَ لا تَحْمِلُ ما دُونَ الثُّلُثِ، على ما ذكَرْناه، وهذا دُونَ الثُّلثِ. وإذا مات (٥٥) من جِنايةِ (٥٦) عَمْدٍ، فِديَةُ أُمِّه على قاتِلِها، فكذلك دِيَتُه؛ لأنَّ الجِنايةَ لا يَحْمِلُ بعضَ دِيَتِها الجانى وبعضَها غيرُه، فيكونُ الجميعُ
(٥١) سقط من: الأصل، ب.(٥٢) في ب: "ورثه".(٥٣) في ب، م: "واحدة".(٥٤) في م: "وتحمله".(٥٥) في م زيادة: "وحده أو".(٥٦) في الأصل: "جنايته".