it, as the property of the fetus; its mother inherits from it according to the amount of freedom it contained, and the remainder is for the rest of its heirs. This is the view of the Qadi, [and the analogy of the view of Ibn Hamid. It is also the school of al-Shafi'i. The analogy of] the view of Abu Bakr and Abu al-Khattab is that the striker is not obligated to guarantee what he has manumitted; because at the time of the offense, it was not guaranteed by him, and the consideration in guarantee is the state of the offense, which is the striking. For this reason, we considered the value of the mother at the time of the striking. This is the view of some of the companions of al-Shafi'i. This is more correct, God willing, because the destruction occurred through an act that was not guaranteed, so it is similar to if one wounded a harbi (alien combatant) who then embraced Islam and subsequently died due to the complications of the wound; and because his death might have been caused by the striking, so the guarantee does not renew after his death, and the basic principle is the freedom of his liability. If the manumitter is affluent, the manumission extends to her and her fetus, and there are two views regarding the guarantee. According to the view of the Qadi, there is a ghurrah for the fetus inherited from it. According to the analogy of the view of Abu Bakr, he is liable for the guarantee of his partner's share of the fetus by half a tenth of the value of its mother, but he does not guarantee her [the mother]; because he has already guaranteed her by manumitting her, so he does not guarantee her by her destruction. If the manumitter is the partner who did not strike, and he was insolvent, there is no guarantee upon the partner for his share; because the manumission did not extend to it, and upon him regarding his partner's share of the fetus is half a ghurrah, which his heirs inherit according to the view of the Qadi. According to the analogy of the view of Abu Bakr, he guarantees his partner's share by half a tenth of the value of its mother, which belongs to its master, in consideration of the state of the offense. The ruling is the same regarding the guarantee of the mother if she dies from the blow. If the manumitter is affluent, the manumission extends to both of them, and they both become free; the manumitter owes the guarantee of half of the mother, and he does not guarantee half of the fetus; because it enters into the guarantee of the mother, just as it enters into her sale. Upon the striker is the guarantee of the fetus by a ghurrah inherited from it, according to the view of the Qadi. According to the analogy of the view of Abu Bakr, he guarantees the partner's share by half a tenth of the value of its mother, and there is no guarantee upon him for his share; because it was his property at the time the offense was committed against it. As for the guarantee of the mother, there are two views: one is that there is the blood money of a free woman, with her master receiving the lesser of the two amounts, either its blood money or its value. According to the other, he guarantees her
(11) Omitted from: B. (12) Omitted from: M. Relocated observation. (13) Omitted from: B. (14) Omitted from: the original.
عنه، بمَنْزِلةِ مالِ الجنينِ، تَرِثُ أُمُّه منه (١١) بقَدْرِ ما فيها من الحُرِّيَّةِ. والباقِى لباقِى ورَثَتِه. هذا قولُ القاضِى، [وقياسُ قولِ ابنِ حامدٍ. وهو مذهبُ الشافعىِّ. وقياسُ] (١٢) قولِ أبى بكرٍ وأبى الخَطَّابِ، لا يَجِبُ على الضاربِ ضَمانُ ما أعْتَقَه؛ لأنَّه حينَ الجِنايةِ لم يكُنْ مَضْمُونًا عليه، والاعْتِبارُ في الضَّمانِ بحالِ الجِنايةِ، وهى الضَّرْبُ، ولهذا اعْتَبَرْنا قِيمَةَ الأُمِّ حالَ الضَّرْبِ. وهذا قولُ بعضِ أصحابِ الشافعىِّ. وهذا أصَحُّ، إن شاءَ اللهُ؛ لأنَّ الإِتْلافَ حَصَلَ بفِعْلٍ غيرِ مَضْمُونٍ، فأشْبَهَ ما لو جَرَحَ حَرْبِيًّا فأسْلَمَ، ثم مات بالسِّرَايةِ، ولأنَّ مَوْتَه يَحْتَمِلُ أن يكونَ قد حَصَلَ بالضَّرْبِ، فلا يتَجَدَّدُ ضَمانُه بعدَ مَوْتِه، والأصْلُ بَراءةُ ذِمَّتِه. وإن كان المُعْتِقُ مُوسِرًا، سَرَى العِتْقُ إليها وإلى جَنِينِها، وفى الضَّمانِ الوَجْهان؛ فعلى قولِ القاضِى، في الْجَنِينِ غُرَّةٌ مَوْرُوثةٌ عنه. وعلى قياسِ قولِ أبى بكرٍ، عليه (١٣) ضَمانُ نَصِيبِ شَرِيكِه من الْجَنِينِ بنِصْفِ عُشْرِ قِيمَةِ أُمِّه، ولا يَضْمَنُ أُمَّه؛ لأنَّه قد ضَمِنَها بإعْتاقِها، فلا يَضْمَنُها بتَلَفِها. وإن كان المُعْتِقُ الشَّرِيكَ الذي لم يضْرِبْ، وكان مُعْسِرًا، فلا ضَمانَ على الشَّرِيكِ في نَصِيبِه؛ لأنَّ العِتْقَ لم يَسْرِ إليه، وعليه في نَصِيبِ شَرِيكِه من الْجَنِينِ نِصْفُ غُرَّةٍ، يَرِثُها ورَثَتُه على قولِ القاضِى. وعلى قياسِ قولِ أبى بكرٍ، يَضْمَنُ نَصِيبَ شَرِيكِه بنِصْفِ عُشْرِ قِيمَةِ أُمِّه، يكونُ لسَيِّدِه اعْتبارًا بحالِ الجِنايةِ. وكذلك الحكمُ في ضَمانِ الأُمِّ إذا ماتتْ من الضَّرْبةِ. وإن كان (١٤) المُعْتِقُ مُوسِرًا، سَرَى العِتْقُ إليهما، وصارا حُرَّيْنِ، وعلى المُعْتقِ ضَمانُ نِصْفِ الأُمِّ، ولا يَضْمَنُ نِصْفَ الْجَنِينِ؛ لأنَّه يَدْخُلُ في ضَمانِ الأُمِّ، كما يَدْخُلُ في بَيْعِها، وعلى الضاربِ ضَمانُ الْجَنِينِ بغُرَّةٍ مَوْرُوثةٍ عنه، على قولِ القاضِى. وعلى قياسِ قولِ أبى بكرٍ، يَضْمَنُ نَصِيبَ الشَّريكِ بنِصْفِ عُشْرِ قِيمَةِ أُمِّه، وليس عليه ضَمانُ نَصِيبِه؛ لأنَّه مِلْكُه حالَ الجِنايةِ عليه. وأمَّا ضَمانُ الأُمِّ، ففى أحَدِ الوَجْهَيْنِ، فيها دِيَةُ حُرَّةٍ، لسَيِّدِها منها أقَلُّ الأَمْرَيْنِ من دِيَتِها أو قِيمَتِها. وعلى الآخَرِ، يَضْمَنُها
(١١) سقط من: ب.(١٢) سقط من: م. نقل نظر.(١٣) سقط من: ب.(١٤) سقط من: الأصل.