its value for its master, as previously mentioned regarding someone who cuts off the hand of a slave, then he is manumitted and dies.
Section: If one strikes the abdomen of his slave girl, then manumits her, and she subsequently miscarries a dead fetus, he is not liable for it, according to the analogy of the view of Abu Bakr; because his offense was not guaranteed in its inception, so he is not liable for its complications, just as if he had become an apostate and then embraced Islam, and subsequently died. Furthermore, the death of the fetus might have occurred due to the blow [delivered] while it was his property, and nothing occurred after the manumission that would necessitate a guarantee. According to the view of Ibn Hamid, he owes a ghurrah, from which he inherits nothing, because the consideration for the offense is the time of its stabilization. If the slave girl belonged to two partners, and they struck her, then manumitted her together, and she delivered a dead fetus, then according to the view of Abu Bakr, each of them owes a half-tenth of the value of her mother to his partner; because each of them committed an offense against the fetus, and half of it was his, so the guarantee for it falls away from him, and he is obligated to guarantee the half that belonged to his partner by a half-tenth of the value of its mother, in consideration of the state of the offense. According to the view of Ibn Hamid, each of them owes half the ghurrah, from which the mother gets a third, the rest goes to the heirs, and the killer inherits nothing from it.
Section: If the son of a freedwoman, whose father is a slave, strikes the abdomen of a woman, then his father is manumitted, and she miscarries a fetus and dies, it is possible that their blood money is from the perpetrator's property, according to what was mentioned previously. It is also possible that the blood money is upon the masters of the mother and her agnates, according to the analogy of the view of Abu Bakr, in consideration of the state of the offense. According to the analogy of the view of Ibn Hamid, it is upon the masters of the father and his relatives, in consideration of the state of the miscarriage. If a dhimmi (protected non-Muslim) strikes the abdomen of his dhimmi wife, then embraces Islam, and she miscarries, his 'aqilah (agnatic relatives) do not bear the liability. If she dies along with it, it is the same; because his 'aqilah, being Muslims, do not bear the liability for him; because he was a dhimmi at the time of the offense, and the people of the dhimma do not bear the liability for him; because he is a Muslim at the time of the miscarriage. It is possible that the blood money, according to the analogy of the view of Abu Bakr, is upon his 'aqilah from among the people of the dhimma, in consideration of the state of the offense, and that regarding the fetus there is
(15) Omitted from: M. (16) In M: "wa-lazima" (and it became incumbent). (17) In B, M: "mawla" (master).
بقِيمَتِها لسيِّدِها، كما تقَدَّمَ في (١٥) مَن قَطَعَ يَدَ عَبْدٍ، ثم أُعْتِقَ وماتَ.
فصل: ولو ضَرَبَ بَطْنَ أمَتِه، ثم أعْتَقَها، ثم أَسْقَطَتْ جَنِينًا مَيِّتًا، لم يَضْمَنْه. في قياسِ قولِ أبى بكرٍ؛ لأنَّ جِنايَتَه لم تَكُنْ مَضْمونةً في ابْتدائِها، فلم يَضْمَنْ سِرَايتَها، كما لو خَرَجَ مُرْتَدًّا فأسْلَمَ، ثم مات، ولأنَّ مَوْتَ الْجَنِينِ يَحْتَمِلُ أنَّه حَصَلَ بالضَّرْبةِ في مَمْلُوكِه. ولم يتَجَدَّدْ بعدَ العِتْقِ ما يُوجِبُ الضَّمانَ. وعلى قولِ ابنِ حامدٍ، عليه غُرَّةٌ، لا يَرِثُ منها شيئًا؛ لأنَّ اعْتِبارَ الجِنَايةِ بحالِ اسْتِقْرارِها. ولو كانت الأمَةُ لشَرِيكَيْنِ، فضَرَباها، ثم أعْتَقاها معًا، فوَضَعَتْ جَنِينًا مَيِّتًا، فعلى قولِ أبى بكرٍ، على كلِّ واحدٍ منهما نِصْفُ عُشْرِ قِيمَةِ أُمِّه لشَرِيكِه؛ لأنَّ كلَّ واحدٍ منهما جَنَى على الْجَنِينِ، ونِصْفُه له، فسَقَطَ عنه ضَمانُه، ولَزِمَه (١٦) ضَمانُ نِصْفِه الذي لشَرِيكِه بنِصْفِ عُشْرِ قِيمةِ أُمِّه، اعْتبارًا بحالِ الجِنايةِ. وعلى قولِ ابنِ حامدٍ، على كلِّ واحدٍ منهما نِصْفُ الغُرَّةِ، للأُمِّ منها الثُّلثُ، وباقِيها للوَرَثةِ، ولا يَرِثُ القاتلُ منها شيئًا.
فصل: إذا ضَرَبَ ابنُ المُعْتَقَةِ الذي أَبُوه عَبْدٌ بَطْنَ امرأةٍ، ثم أُعْتِقَ أَبُوه، ثم أَسْقَطَتْ جَنِينًا وماتَتْ، احْتَمَلَ أن تكونَ دِيَتُهُما في مالِ الجانِى، على ما تقَدَّمَ ذِكْرُه. واحْتَمَل أن تكونَ الدِّيَةُ على مَوالِى (١٧) الأُمِّ وعَصَباتِه، في قياسِ قولِ أبى بكرٍ، اعْتبارًا بحالِ الجِنايةِ. وعلى قياسِ قولِ ابنِ حامدٍ، على مَوَالى (١٧) الأبِ وأقارِبه، اعْتبارًا بحالِ الإِسْقاطِ. وإن ضَرَبَ ذِمِّىٌّ بَطْنَ امْرَأتِه الذِّمِّيَّةِ، ثم أسلمَ، ثم أسْقَطَتْ، لم تَحْمِلْه عاقلتُه. وإن ماتتْ معه فكذلك؛ لأنَّ عاقِلَتَه المسلمينَ لا يَعْقِلُونَ عنه؛ لأنَّه كان حين الجِنايةِ ذمِّيًّا، وأهْلُ الذمةِ لا يَعْقِلُون عنه؛ لأنَّه حينَ الإِسْقاطِ مُسْلِمٌ. ويَحْتَمِلُ أن يكونَ عَقْلُه، في قياسِ قولِ أبى بكرٍ، على عاقِلَتِه من أهلِ الذِّمَّةِ، اعْتبارًا بحالِ الجنايةِ، ويكونَ في الْجَنِينِ ما
(١٥) سقط من: م.(١٦) في م: "ولزم".(١٧) في ب، م: "مولى".