even more so. As for if he makes a peace treaty with them in exchange for wealth that we provide them, Ahmad has stated the ruling of prohibition unequivocally. This is the madhhab of al-Shafi'i, because it contains humiliation for the Muslims. This is understood to apply outside of cases of necessity. But if necessity dictates it—which is to fear destruction or captivity for the Muslims—then it is permissible, because it is permissible for a captive to ransom himself with wealth, and this is similar to that (20). Furthermore, because the expenditure (21) of wealth, even if it contains humiliation, its tolerance is permissible to repel a greater humiliation, which is killing, captivity, and the enslavement of offspring, whose enslavement leads to their disbelief. Abd al-Razzaq (22) narrated in his 'Al-Maghazi' from Ma'mar, from al-Zuhri, who said: The Prophet (peace be upon him) sent a message to 'Uyaynah ibn Hisn, while he was with Abu Sufyan—meaning on the day of the Confederates (al-Ahzab): "Do you see, if I grant you a third of the dates of the Ansar, would you return with those who are with you from Ghatafan and incite discord among the Confederates?" 'Uyaynah sent back to him: "If you grant me half, I will do it." Ma'mar said: Ibn Abi Najih narrated to me that Sa'd ibn Mu'adh and Sa'd ibn 'Ubadah said: "O Messenger of Allah, by Allah, in the days of ignorance, he would drag his rear end around Medina during a year of drought, unable to enter it. Now that Allah has brought Islam, shall we give them that?" The Prophet (peace be upon him) replied: "Indeed, yes." If this were not permissible, the Prophet (peace be upon him) would not have offered it. It is also narrated that al-Harith ibn 'Amr al-Ghatafani sent to the Prophet (peace be upon him) saying: "If you grant me half of the fruits of Medina, otherwise I will fill it against you with horses and men (23)." The Prophet (peace be upon him) said to him: "Until I consult the Sa'ds," meaning Sa'd ibn 'Ubadah, Sa'd ibn Mu'adh, and Sa'd ibn Zurarah. The Prophet (peace be upon him) consulted them, and they said: "O Messenger of Allah, if this is a command from heaven, then we submit to the command of Allah the Exalted. If it is by your own judgment and inclination, then we follow your judgment and inclination. And if it is neither a command from heaven nor by your own judgment and inclination, then by Allah, we would not give them even a single unripe or ripe date in the days of ignorance except by purchase or as hospitality. So how [can we do so now] (24) when Allah has honored us with Islam!" The Prophet (peace be upon him) then said to his messenger: "Do you hear?" (25)