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حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 13 · صفحة 160

الترجمة · EN

they come to claim it, but if someone else comes, nothing is to be returned to him. Our argument is that since he came to us from outside the Abode of Islam, it is not mandatory (48) to return him, nor to return anything in his place, just as with a free man among the men, and as with a slave if he comes out and then converts. Regarding their claim that they are under a guarantee of safety from us, we say: We only granted them safety (50) from those who are within the Abode of Islam, who are under the control of the Imam; as for those who are in their own abode, or those who are not under his control, they are not protected from him, as evidenced by the case where a slave comes out before converting. This is why when Abu Basir killed the man who came to reclaim him, the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) did not rebuke him, nor did he hold him liable (52). And when he, Abu Jandal, and their companions separated from the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) during the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, they waylaid the [people of] the caravan, killed [whomever they killed] (53) among them, and took the wealth, the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) did not condemn this, nor did he order them to return what they had taken or pay compensation for what they had destroyed. This man who converted was in their land and under their control, and he overpowered them to secure his own person, so he became free, just as if he had converted after coming out. As for the woman, it is not mandatory to return her dowry because she did not take (54) anything from them; and even if she had taken it, she would have overpowered them to obtain it in the land of coercion. If she were obligated to provide a substitute, the dowry of a similar woman (mahr al-mithl) would be required, not the specified amount. Regarding the verse, Qatada said: It permits the return of the dowry. 'Ata', al-Zuhri, and al-Thawri said: It is not acted upon today (55). Furthermore, the verse was revealed concerning the case of Hudaybiyyah, when the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) had stipulated to them that he would return anyone who came to him as a Muslim. When Allah forbade the return of women, He commanded the return of their dowries (56). Our discussion concerns a situation where a truce is concluded unconditionally; therefore, it does not fall under the meaning of what the command covered. If the discussion concerns a situation where the return of women was stipulated, it is also invalid; because the condition that the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) stipulated was valid, but it has been abrogated. Therefore, if

الحواشي

(48) In (A): 'yajuz' (it is permitted). (49) In the original and (M): 'innahu' (that he). (50) In (A): 'amanahum' (their safety). (51) Omitted from (M). (52) Recorded by al-Bukhari, in: 'Chapter on Conditions in Jihad and Reconciliation with the People of War...', from the Book of Conditions. Sahih al-Bukhari 3/257, 258. And Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 4/331. (53) Omitted from (A). (54) In (M): 'minhu' (from it). (55) In (B): 'lil-yawm' (for today). (56) See: what was recorded by al-Bukhari, in: 'Chapter on the Battle of Hudaybiyyah', from the Book of Military Expeditions (Maghazi). Sahih al-Bukhari 5/162.

العربية (المصدر)

جاءَ يطلُبُها، وإنْ جاءَ غيرُه، لم يُرَدَّ إليه شىءٌ. ولَنا، أنَّه من غَيْرِ أهلِ دارِ الإسلامِ، خَرَجَ إلينا، فلم يَجبْ (٤٨) رَدُّه، ولا رَدُّ شيْءٍ بدلًا عنه، كالحُرِّ من الرجالِ، وكالعَبْدِ إذا خَرَجَ ثمَّ أسْلَمَ. وقولُهم: إنَّهم (٤٩) فى أَمانٍ مِنَّا. قُلْنا: إنَّما أمَّنَّاهم (٥٠) ممَّنْ هو فى دارِ الإِسلامِ، الذين هم فى قَبْضَةِ الإِمامِ، فأما مَن (٥١) هو فى دارِهم، ومَنْ ليس فى قَبْضَتِه، فلا يُمْنَعُ منه، بدليلِ ما لو خَرَجَ العبدُ قبلَ إسْلامِه، ولهذا لمَّا قَتَلَ أبو بَصِيرٍ الرجُلَ الذى جاءَ لِردِّه، لم يُنْكِرْهُ النَّبِىُّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-، ولم يُضَمِّنْه (٥٢)، ولما انْفَردَ هو وأَبُو جَنْدَلٍ وأصحابُهما عن النَّبِيِّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- فى صُلْحِ الحُدَيْبيَةِ، فقَطَعُوا الطَّرِيقَ عليهم، وقَتَلُوا [من قَتَلُوا] (٥٣) منهم، وأخذُوا المالَ، لم يُنْكِرْ ذلك النَّبِىُّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-، ولم يأْمُرْهم بَردِّ ما أخَذُوه، ولا غَرامَةِ ما أَتْلَفُوه (٥٢). وهذا الذى أسْلَمَ كان فى دارِهم وقَبْضَتِهم، وقَهرهم على نفسِه، فصارَ حُرًّا، كما لو أسْلَم بعدَ خُروجِه. وأمَّا المرأةُ، فلا يجِبُ رَدُّ مَهْرِها؛ لأنَّها لم تَأْخُذْ منهم (٥٤) شيئًا، ولو أخَذَتْه كانتْ قد قَهَرَتْهُم عليه فى دارِ القَهْرِ، ولو وجَبَ عليها عِوَضُه، لَوجَبَ مَهْرُ المِثْلِ دُونَ المُسَمَّى. والآيةُ، قال قَتادَةُ: تُبِيحُ رَدَّ المَهْرِ. وقال عَطاءٌ، والزُّهْرِىُّ، والثَّوْرِيُّ: لا يُعْمَلُ بها اليومَ (٥٥). وعلى أنَّ الآيةَ إنَّما نَزَلَت فى قَضِيَّةِ الحُدَيْبِيَةِ، حينَ كان النَّبِىُّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- شَرَطَ لهم رَدَّ مَن جاءَه مُسْلِمًا، فلما مَنَع اللهُ رَدَّ النِّساءِ، أمَرَ برَدِّ مُهورِهِنَّ (٥٦)، وكلامُنا فيما إذا وَقَعَ الصُّلْحُ مُطْلَقًا، فليس هو فى مَعْنَى ما تَناوَلَه الأَمْرُ. وإنْ وَقَعَ الكلامُ فيما إذا شَرَطَ رَدَّ النِّساءِ، لم يَصِحَّ أيضًا؛ لأنَّ الشَّرْطَ الذى كان النَّبِىُّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- شَرَطَه، كان صحيحًا، وقد نُسِخَ، فإذا

الحواشي

(٤٨) فى أ: "يجز".(٤٩) فى الأصل، م: "إنَّه".(٥٠) فى أ: "أمانهم".(٥١) سقط من: م.(٥٢) أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب الشروط فى الجهاد والمصالحة مع أهل الحرب. . .، من كتاب الشروط. صحيح البخارى ٣/ ٢٥٧، ٢٥٨. والإِمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٤/ ٣٣١.(٥٣) سقط من: أ.(٥٤) فى م: "منه".(٥٥) فى ب: "لليوم".(٥٦) انظر: ما أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب غزوة الحديبية، من كتاب المغازى. صحيح البخارى ٥/ ١٦٢.

السابقمجلد 13 · صفحة 160التالي
السابق13·160التالي