Atiyah al-Qurazi narrated: I was among the captives (8) of Qurayza. They would examine us; whoever had grown hair was killed, and whoever had not grown it was not killed. I was among those who had not grown it. This was reported by al-Athram and al-Tirmidhi (9), who said: This is a hasan sahih (good and authentic) hadith. It is narrated from Kathir ibn al-Sa'ib, who said: The sons of Qurayza told me that they were presented to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), and whoever among them had reached puberty or had grown pubic hair was killed, and whoever had not was left. This was reported by al-Athram (10). From Aslam, the freed slave of Umar, it is narrated that Umar used to write to the commanders of the armies not to kill anyone except those upon whom razors have passed (i.e., those who have grown pubic hair), and not to take the jizya except from those upon whom razors have passed (11). It is narrated from al-Shafi'i that this [growth of hair] is puberty in the case of disbelievers because it is not possible to rely on their word regarding nocturnal emission or the number of years, and it is not a sign of it (12) among (13) the Muslims, as that is possible for them (14). Our evidence is the statement of Abu Nadra and Uqba ibn Amir when there was a disagreement regarding the puberty of Tamim ibn Fira' al-Mahri: "Look; if he has grown hair, then divide [the spoils] for him." Some of the people looked at him and found that he had indeed grown hair, so they divided (15) for him (16). This disagreement did not persist, so it became an consensus (ijma'). It is a sign of puberty in the case of a disbeliever, so it is a sign of it in the case of a Muslim, like the other two signs. It is also a matter that usually accompanies puberty, so it is a sign of it, like nocturnal emission. As for their argument that it is impossible to know the nocturnal emission or age of a disbeliever, we say: It is not impossible to know the age of a dhimmi who grows up among the Muslims. Furthermore, the difficulty of obtaining knowledge does not necessitate making what is not a sign into a sign, as is the case with things other than hair growth. The third [sign] is reaching fifteen years of age, based on what Ibn Umar narrated, saying: I was presented to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) while I was fourteen years old, and he did not enlist me
(8) In (A) and (B): "in". (9) Its documentation preceded in: 6/598. (10) Reported by Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 4/341. (11) Reported by al-Bayhaqi, in: The chapter on increasing the dinar through reconciliation, from the Book of Jizya. Al-Sunan al-Kubra 9/195, 196. Also by Sa'id ibn Mansur, in: The chapter on what has been said regarding the killing of women and children, from the Book of Jihad. Al-Sunan 2/240. And Abu Ubayd, in: The chapter on those from whom jizya is mandatory..., from the Book of Sunan al-Fay' wa al-Khums wa al-Sadaqa... Al-Amwal 37. (12) Omitted from (B). (13) In (M), there is an addition: "in the case of". (14) In (B): "from them". (15) In (B): "so they divided". (16) Preceded on page 96.
رَوَى عَطِيَّةُ القُرَظِىُّ، قال: كُنْتُ، مِنْ سَبْى (٨) قُرَيْظَةَ، فكانُوا ينْظُرُون، فمَنْ أَنْبَتَ الشَّعَرَ قُتِلَ، ومَنْ لم يُئبِتْ لم يُقْتَلْ، فكُنْتُ فى مَن لم يُنْبِتْ. أخْرَجَه الأَثْرَمُ، والتِّرْمِذِىُّ (٩). وقال: هذا حديثٌ حَسَنٌ صحيحٌ. وعن كَثِيرِ بن السَّائِبِ، قال: حدثنى أبناءُ قُرَيْظَةَ، أنَّهم عُرِضُوا على النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، فمَن كان منهم مُحْتَلِمًا أو نَبَتَتْ عانَتُه قُتِلَ، ومَنْ لا، تُرِكَ. أخْرجَه الأثْرمُ (١٠). وعن أسْلَمَ مولَى عمرَ، أَنَّ عمرَ كان يكتبُ إلى أُمراءِ الأَجْنادِ، أَنْ لا يَقْتُلُوا إِلَّا مَنْ جَرَتْ عليه الْمَواسِى، ولا يأْخُذوا الجِزْيَةَ إِلَّا مِمَّنْ جَرَت عليه الْمَواسِى (١١). وحُكِىَ عن الشافِعِىِّ، أَنَّ هذا بُلوغٌ فى حَقِّ الكُفَّارِ؛ لأنَّه لا يُمْكِنُ الرُّجُوعُ إلى قولِهم فى الاحْتِلْامِ، وعَدَدِ السِّنين، وليس بعلامَةٍ عليه (١٢) فى (١٣) المسلمين؛ لإِمْكانِ ذلك فيهم (١٤). ولَنا، قولُ أبى نَضْرَةَ، وعُقْبَةَ بن عامرٍ، حين اخْتُلِفَ فى بُلوغِ تَمِيمِ بن فِرَعٍ المَهْرِىِّ: انظرُوا، فإنْ كان قد أَشْعَرَ، فاقْسِمُوا له. فنَظَرَ إليه بعضُ القومِ، فإذا هو قد أَنْبَتَ، فقَسَمُوا (١٥) له (١٦). ولم يظْهَرْ خلافُ هذا، فكان إجْماعًا. ولأنَّه عَلَمٌ على البلوغِ فى حَقِّ الكافِرِ، فكان عَلَمًا عليه فى حَقِّ المُسْلِمِ، كالعَلَمَيْن الآخَرَيْنِ، ولأنَّه أمْرٌ يُلازِمُ البُلوغَ غالبًا، فكان عَلَمًا عليه، كالاحْتِلامِ. وقولُهم: إنَّه يَتَعَذَّرُ فى حَقِّ الكافِرِ مَعْرِفَةُ الاحْتِلامِ والسِّنِّ. قُلْنا: لا تَتَعَذَّرُ مَعْرِفَةُ السِّنِّ فى الذِّمِّىِّ الناشِئِ بين المسلمين، ثمَّ تَعَذُّرُ المَعْرِفَةِ لا يُوجِبُ جَعْلَ ما ليس بعلامَةٍ علامَةً، كغيرِ الإِنْباتِ. الثالثُ، بلوغُ خمسَ عشرَةَ سنةً، لما رَوَى ابنُ عمرَ، قال: عُرِضْتُ على النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، وأنا ابنُ أربعَ عشرَةَ سنةً، فلم يُجِزْنِى
(٨) فى أ، ب: "فى".(٩) تقدم تخريجه، فى: ٦/ ٥٩٨.(١٠) وأخرجه الإِمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٤/ ٣٤١.(١١) أخرجه البيهقى، فى: باب الزيادة على الدينار بالصلح، من كتاب الجزية. السنن الكبرى ٩/ ١٩٥، ١٩٦. وسعيد بن منصور، فى: باب ما جاء فى قتل النساء والولدان، من كتاب الجهاد. السنن ٢/ ٢٤٠. وأبو عبيد، فى: باب من تجب عليه الجزية. . .، من كتاب سنن الفىء والخمس والصدقة. . . الأموال ٣٧.(١٢) سقط من: ب.(١٣) فى م زيادة: "حق".(١٤) فى ب: "منهم".(١٥) فى ب: "فقسم".(١٦) تقدم فى صفحة ٩٦.