God, may God bless him and grant him peace, saying: "I will surely expel the Jews and the Christians from the Arabian Peninsula, and I will not leave in it anyone but a Muslim." Al-Tirmidhi said: This is a good and authentic (hasan sahih) hadith. From Ibn Abbas, he said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, gave a bequest of three things, saying: "Expel the polytheists from the Arabian Peninsula, and provide gifts to the delegations in the same manner as I used to provide for them." He remained silent regarding the third. It was narrated by Abu Dawud (36). The Arabian Peninsula is the land between the valley (wadi) and the farthest point of Yemen, according to Sa'id ibn Abd al-Aziz. Al-Asma'i and Abu 'Ubayd said: It stretches from the cultivated lands of Iraq to Aden in length, and from Tihama and what lies beyond it to the edges of the Levant in width. Abu 'Ubaydah said: It extends from the Well of Abu Musa (37) to Yemen in length, and from the sands of Yabrin (38) to the edge of al-Samawa (39) in width. Al-Khalil said: It was called an 'island' (jazira) (40) because the Sea of Abyssinia (41), the Persian Sea, and the Euphrates have surrounded it, and it was attributed to the Arabs because it is their land, their dwelling, and their source. Ahmad said: The Arabian Peninsula is Medina and its surroundings. He means that what is forbidden for the polytheists to inhabit (42) is Medina and its surroundings, which is Mecca, al-Yamama, Khaybar, al-Yanbu', Fadak, their districts, and what adjoins them. This is the opinion of al-Shafi'i, because they were not evicted from Tayma (43), nor from Yemen. It has been narrated from Abu 'Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah that he said: The last thing the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, spoke of was that (44) he said: "Expel the Jews from the Hijaz" (45). As for the expulsion of the people of Najran from it, it is because the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, had made a treaty with them on the condition of abandoning usury, but they violated their covenant (46).
(36) In: The previous chapter. It was also recorded by al-Bukhari, in: The Chapter on the expulsion of the Jews from the Arabian Peninsula, from the Book of Jizya, Sahih al-Bukhari 4/121. And by Muslim, in: The Chapter on the abandonment of the bequest for one who has nothing to bequeath, from the Book of Bequests, Sahih Muslim 3/1258. (37) The Well of Abu Musa: Wells dug by Abu Musa al-Ash'ari on the road from Basra to Mecca. Mu'jam al-Buldan 2/294. (38) Yabrin: Sands whose edges are not reached, located to the right of the sunrise from the stone of al-Yamama. Mu'jam al-Buldan 4/1005. (39) The wilderness of al-Samawa: Between Kufa and the Levant. See: Mu'jam al-Buldan 3/131. (40) In A and B, there is an addition: "of the Arabs". (41) In the manuscripts: "al-Jaysh" (the army), which is a misspelling. The Sea of Abyssinia is the Sea of Qulzum, known today as the Red Sea. (42) Omitted from: A, B, and M. (43) Tayma: A small town on the edges of the Levant, between the Levant and Wadi al-Qura. Mu'jam al-Buldan 1/907. (44) In M: "annahu" (that he). (45) Recorded by al-Darimi, in: The Chapter on the expulsion of the polytheists from the Arabian Peninsula, from the Book of Siyar, Sunan al-Darimi 2/233. And by al-Bukhari, in: Al-Tarikh al-Kabir 4/57.
اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- يقول: "لَأُخْرِجَنَّ الْيَهُودَ والنَّصَارَى مِنْ جَزِيرَةِ الْعَرَبِ، فَلَا أتْرُكُ فِيَها إلَّا مُسْلِمًا". قال الترمِذِىُّ: هذا حديثٌ حسنٌ صحيحٌ. وعن ابن عبَّاسٍ، قال: أوْصَى رسولُ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- بثلاثَةِ أشياءَ، قال: "أَخْرِجُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ مِنْ جَزِيرَةِ الْعَرَبِ، وأَجِيزُوا الْوَفْدَ بِنَحْوِ مَا كُنْتُ أُجِيزُهُمْ". وسكتَ عن الثالث. روَاه أبو داوُدَ (٣٦). وجزيرَةُ العربِ ما بَيْنَ الوادِى إلى أقْصَى الْيَمَنِ. قالَه سعيدُ بن عبد العزيز. وقال الأصمَعِىُّ وأبو عُبَيْدٍ: هى من ريِفِ العراقِ إلى عَدَن طُولًا، ومن تِهامَةَ وما وَراءَها إلى أطْرافِ الشامِ عَرْضًا. وقال أبو عُبَيْدَةَ: هى من حَفْرِ أبى موسى (٣٧) إلى اليَمَنِ طُولًا، ومن رَمْلِ يَبْرِينَ (٣٨) إلى مُنْقَطَعِ السَّماوَةِ (٣٩) عَرْضًا. قال الخليلُ: إنَّما قيلَ لها جزيرةٌ (٤٠)؛ لأنَّ بحرَ الحَبَشِ (٤١) وبحرَ فارِس والفُراتَ قد أحاطَتْ بها، ونُسِبَتْ إلى العربِ؛ لأنَّها أرْضُها ومَسْكنُها ومَعْدِنُها. وقال أحمد: جزيرةُ العرب المدينةُ وما وَالاها. يعنى أَنَّ الممْنوعَ من سُكْنَى الكُفَّارِ به (٤٢) المدينة وما وَالَاها، وهو مكًّةُ واليَمامَةُ وخَيْبَرُ واليَنْبُعُ وفَدَكُ ومَخاليفُها، وما والاها. وهذا قولُ الشافِعِىّ؛ لأنَّهُم لم يُجْلَوْا من تَيْماءَ (٤٣)، ولا من اليَمَنِ. وقد رُوِىَ عن أبى عُبَيْدَةَ بن الْجَرَّاحِ، أنَّه قال: إنَّ آخِرَ ما تَكَلَّمَ به النَّبىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- أَنْ (٤٤) قال: "اخرِجُوا الْيَهُودَ مِنَ الْحِجَازِ" (٤٥). فأمَّا إخْراجُ أهل نَجْرانَ منه، فلأنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- صالَحَهُم على تَرْكِ الرِّبَا، فنَقَضُوا
(٣٦) فى: الباب السابق.كما أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب إخراج اليهود من جزيرة العرب، من كتاب الجزية. صحيح البخارى ٤/ ١٢١. ومسلم، فى: باب ترك الوصية لمن ليس له شىء يوصى فيه، من كتاب الوصية. صحيح مسلم ٣/ ١٢٥٨.(٣٧) حفر أبى موسى: ركايا أحفرها أبو موسى الأشعرى على جادة البصرة إلى مكة. معجم البلدان ٢/ ٢٩٤.(٣٨) يبرين: رمل لا تدرك أطرافه عن يمين مطلع الشمس من حجر اليمامة. معجم البلدان ٤/ ١٠٠٥.(٣٩) بادية السماوة: بين الكوفة والشام. انظر: معجم البلدان ٣/ ١٣١.(٤٠) فى أ، ب زيادة: "العرب".(٤١) فى النسخ: "الجيش" تصحيف. وبحر الحبش هو بحر القلزم، ويعرف اليوم بالبحر الأحمر.(٤٢) سقط من: أ، ب، م.(٤٣) تيماء: بليد فى أطراف الشام، بين الشام ووادى القرى. معجم البلدان ١/ ٩٠٧.(٤٤) فى م: "أنه".(٤٥) أخرجه الدارمى، فى: باب إخراج المشركين من جزيرة العرب، من كتاب السير. سنن الدارمى ٢/ ٢٣٣. والبخارى، فى: التاريخ الكبير ٤/ ٥٧.
