and its establishment among them. Furthermore, since the state of major ritual impurity (janabah), menstruation, and post-natal bleeding prevents one from staying in the mosque, the state of polytheism is even more deserving of this prohibition.

Section: What is taken into account regarding the rulings of the Dhimmah (covenant of protection) is divided into five categories. First: that which the contract is not complete without mentioning, which is two things: the obligation of Jizya (poll tax), and the application of our legal rulings upon them. If one fails to mention either of these, the contract is invalid. Included in their meaning is the cessation of fighting the Muslims, for even if it is not explicitly stated, mentioning the peace treaty necessitates it. Second: that which contains harm to the Muslims in their persons, which consists of eight traits that we have mentioned previously (71). Third: that which contains an affront to the Muslims, which is mentioning their Lord, their Book, their religion, or their Messenger with evil. Fourth: that which involves the public display of a forbidden act, and this is five things: the construction of churches, synagogues, and the like; raising their voices with their scriptures among the Muslims; the public display of wine (72) and swine; the striking of bells; the elevation of buildings above those of the Muslims; and residing in the Hijaz or entering the Haram. They must be compelled to refrain from these, whether or not it was stipulated to them, in all that is contained in these three categories. Fifth: distinguishing themselves from the Muslims in four things: their clothing, their hair, their mode of transportation, and their teknonyms (kuna). Regarding their clothing, they should wear a garment whose color differs from the color of all other garments; the custom of the Jews is yellow (honey-colored), and the custom of the Christians is dark, which is ash-colored (bird-colored). This should be on one garment, not all of them, so that a distinction occurs. He adds to this the tying of the zunnar (belt) over his garment (74), if he is a Christian, or another mark if he is not a Christian, such as a patch he places on his turban or his cap, whose color differs from its color, and he is branded on his neck with a seal of lead, iron, or a small bell, to be distinguished from the Muslims in the bathhouse. Their women wear a colored garment, and the zunnar is tied beneath their garments, and they are branded on their necks. They are not prohibited from wearing fine clothes, turbans, or the tailasan (shawl), because the distinction is achieved by the ghiyar (distinctive garment) and the zunnar. As for their hair, they must trim the front part (75)