their heads, and they shall crop their hair, and not part their hair; for the Prophet (peace be upon him) parted his hair (76). As for transportation, they shall not ride horses, because riding them is a sign of honor, but they may ride other animals. They shall not ride in saddles, and they shall ride sideways, with their legs to one side and their back to the other, based on what al-Khallal reported with his chain of narration that Umar commanded that the forelocks of the people of the Dhimmah be cropped, that they should tighten their belts (manatiq), and that they should ride pack-saddles sideways (77). They are prohibited from girding swords, carrying weapons, or possessing them. As for teknonyms (kuna), they shall not adopt the teknonyms of the Muslims, such as Abu al-Qasim, Abu Abd Allah, Abu Muhammad, Abu Bakr, Abu al-Hasan, and similar ones. However, they are not prohibited from using teknonyms entirely, for Ahmad said to a Christian physician: "O Abu Ishaq." And he said: Did the Prophet (peace be upon him) not say when he entered upon Sa'd (80) ibn Ubadah: "Do you not see what Abu al-Hubab says?" (81). And he said to the Bishop of Najran: "Accept Islam, Abu al-Harith" (82). And Umar said to a Christian: "O Abu Hassan, accept Islam and you shall be safe."

Section: When the Imam establishes the Dhimmah contract with them, he records their names, the names of their fathers, their number, their features, and their religion. He says: "So-and-so, son of so-and-so, the descendant of such-and-such, tall or short or of medium height, brown-skinned or white-skinned, with intensely black eyes (83), with a hooked nose, with joined eyebrows." And similar to this from their attributes by which each one is distinguished from the other. He appoints for every ten a leader (arif) who monitors who among them reaches maturity, who recovers from