...subdued (28). It is said: The humiliation is their commitment (29) to the jizya and the application of our rulings upon them. It is not accepted for them to send it; rather, the Dhimmi must come personally with it and pay it while he is standing and the receiver is sitting. They are not to be dealt with harshly in collecting it, nor are they to be tortured if they are in financial distress, for when Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, was brought a large amount of wealth—Abu Ubayd said: I believe it was from the jizya—he said: I think you have destroyed the people. They said: No, by Allah, we did not take anything except easily and purely. He said: Without a whip or coercion (30)? They said: Yes. He said: Praise be to Allah who did not make this occur by my hand or under my authority. Sa'id ibn 'Amir ibn Hudhaym came to him, and Umar struck him with the whip. Sa'id said: Your torrent preceded your rain; if you punish, we shall be patient, and if you pardon, we shall be grateful, and if you seek an excuse, we shall excuse ourselves. He said: There is nothing on the Muslim but this. Why are you slow with the kharaj (land tax)? He said: You ordered us not to exceed four dinars for the farmers, so we do not exceed that for them, but we delay them [until their harvest] (32). Umar said: I will never dismiss you as long as I live. Both accounts were narrated by Abu Ubayd (33). He said: The only way to delay until the harvest is to be kind to them. He said: We have heard of no timing for the collection of kharaj and jizya other than this. Ali ibn Abi Talib employed a man over 'Akbara (34), and he said to him in front of the people: Do not leave them a single dirham of the kharaj. He spoke severely to him, then said: Meet me at midday. When he came to him, he said: I had (35) ordered you to do something, and I am now giving you a command: if you disobey me, I will remove you. Do not sell for them any of their kharaj (assets): neither a donkey, nor a cow, nor winter or summer clothing, and be kind to them, and do with them (36).
(28) Surah al-Tawbah 29. (29) In A and B: "iltizam" (commitment). (30) In the copies: "nawt". The nawt is suspension or coercion. (31) In M: "wa lakin" (but). (32) Omitted from A and B. (33) In: The Chapter on Collecting Jizya and Kharaj, from the Book of Sunan al-Fay' wa al-Khums wa al-Sadaqah, in Al-Amwal 43, 44. (34) 'Akbara: A small town in the vicinity of Dujayl, near Sarifin and Awana, ten parasangs between it and Baghdad. Mu'jam al-Buldan 3/705. (35) Omitted from B. (36) Recorded by al-Bayhaqi with the same meaning in: The Chapter on the Prohibition of Harshness in Collecting Jizya, from the Book of Jizya. Al-Sunan al-Kubra 9/205. Also by Abu Ubayd in the previous chapter, Al-Amwal 44.
صَاغِرُونَ} (٢٨). وقيل: الصَّغارُ الْتزامُهم (٢٩) الجِزْيَةَ، وجَرَيانُ أحْكامِنا عليهم. ولا يُقْبَلُ منهم إرْسالُها، بل يَحْضُرُ الذِّمِّىُّ بِنَفْسِه بها، ويُؤَدِّيها وهو قائِمٌ والآخِذُ جالِسٌ، ولا يشْتَطُّ عليهم فى أَخْذِها، ولا يُعَذَّبُون إذا أعْسَرُوا عن أدائِها، فإنَّ عمرَ، رَضِىَ اللَّهُ عنه، أُتِىَ بمالٍ كثيرٍ، قال أبو عُبَيْدٍ: وأحْسَبُه من الجِزْيَةِ، فقال: إنِّى لأَظُنُّكُم قد أهْلَكْتُم الناسَ. قالُوا: لا واللَّه، ما أخَذْنا إلَّا عَفْوًا صَفْوًا. قال: بلا سَوْطٍ ولا نَوْطٍ (٣٠)؟ قالُوا: نعم. قال: الحمدُ للَّهِ الذى يجْعَلْ ذلك على يَدِى، ولا فى سُلْطانِى. وقَدِمَ عليه سعيدُ بن عامرِ بن حِذْيَم، فَعَلاه عمرُ بالدِّرَّةِ، فقال سعيد: سَبَقَ سَيْلُكَ مَطَرَك، إنْ تُعاقِبْ نَصْبِرْ، وإِنْ تَعْفُ نَشْكُرْ، وإِنْ تَسْتَعْتِبْ نُعْتِبْ. فقال: ما على المسلِم إلَّا هذا، مالَكَ تُبْطِئُ بالْخَرِاجِ؟ فقال: أمَرْتَنا أَنْ لا نَزِيدَ الفلَّاحين على أربعةِ دنانيرَ، فلسْنا نَزِيدُهم على ذلك، ولكنَّا (٣١) نُؤخِّرُهم [إلى غَلَّاتِهم] (٣٢). قال عمر: لا أعْزِلَنَّكَ ما حَيِيتُ. روَاهما أبو عُبَيْدٍ (٣٣). وقال: إنما وَجْهُ التأخِيرِ إلى الغَلَّةِ الرِّفْقُ بهم. قال: ولم نَسْمَعْ فى اسْتِيداءِ الخراجِ والجِزْيَةِ وَقْتًا غيرَ هذا. واسْتَعْملَ علىُّ بن أبى طالبٍ رجُلًا على عُكْبَرَى (٣٤)، فقال له على رُءُوس الناسِ: لا تَدَعَنَّ لهم درهمًا من الْخَراجِ. وشَدَّدَ عليه القَوْلَ، ثم قال: الْقَنِى عندَ انْتِصافِ النَّهارِ. فأتَاه فقال: إنِّى كنتُ (٣٥) أمَرْتُكَ بأمْرٍ، وإنِّى أتقَدَّمُ إليك الآن، فإنْ عَصَيْتَنِى نَزَعْتُك، لا تَبِيعَنَ لهم فى خَراجِهم حِمارًا، ولا بقرةً، ولا كِسْوَةَ شتاءٍ ولا صَيْفٍ، وارْفُقْ بِهم، وافْعَلْ بهم (٣٦).
(٢٨) سورة التوبة ٢٩.(٢٩) فى أ، ب: "التزام".(٣٠) فى النسخ: "بوط". والنوط: التعليق.(٣١) فى م: "ولكن".(٣٢) سقط من: أ، ب.(٣٣) فى: باب اجتباء الجزية والخراج، . . .، من كتاب سنن الفىء والخمس والصدقة، . . . الأموال ٤٣، ٤٤.(٣٤) عكبرى: بليدة من نواحى دجيل، قرب صريفين وأوانا، بينها وبين بغداد عشرة فراسخ. معجم البلدان ٣/ ٧٠٥.(٣٥) سقط من: ب.(٣٦) أخرجه البيهقى بمعناه، فى: باب النهى عن التشديد فى جباية الجزية، من كتاب الجزية. السنن الكبرى ٩/ ٢٠٥. وأبو عبيد، فى الباب السابق. الأموال ٤٤.
