He said: I traveled with Anas ibn Malik, 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Samura, and Abu Burdah (2), and they would pass by fruit and eat it in their mouths (3). This is the position of Umar, Ibn 'Abbas, and Abu Burdah (2). Umar said: "He may eat, but he must not take any away in his garment (4)." It was narrated from Ahmad that he said: "He eats from what is under the trees, but if there is nothing under the trees, he should not eat people's fruit, as he is independent of it." He must not strike with a stone, nor throw [at the trees], for this causes damage. It has been narrated from Rafi' ibn 'Amr (5) who said: "I was throwing stones at the date palms of the Ansar, and they took me to the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace). He said: 'O Rafi', why are you throwing stones at their date palms?' I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, [it is due to] hunger.' He said: 'Do not throw, eat what has fallen, may Allah satisfy your hunger and quench your thirst.'" It was extracted by al-Tirmidhi (6), who said: "This is a sahih (authentic) hadith." The majority of jurists said: Eating is not permitted except (7) in [the case of] necessity, due to what al-'Irbad ibn Sariyah narrated, that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) said: "Beware, for indeed Allah has not made it lawful for you to enter the houses of the People of the Scripture except with permission, nor to strike their women, nor to eat their fruit if they have given you what is due from them." It was extracted by Abu Dawud (8). The Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) said: "Indeed, your blood, your wealth, and your honor are sacred, with the same sanctity as this day of yours." Agreed upon (9). Our evidence is what 'Amr ibn...
(2) In [B]: "and Abu Buraydah". In Al-Sharh al-Kabir: "and Abu Barzah". (3) See: Irwa' al-Ghalil 8/158. (4) Extracted by al-Bayhaqi, in: The Chapter on What Was Narrated Concerning One Who Passes by a Person's Orchard or Livestock, from the Book of Sacrifices. Al-Sunan al-Kubra 9/359. The 'khubnah' is what a person carries in their lap or under their armpit. (5) In [M]: "'Umar". This is an error. (6) In: The Chapter on What Was Narrated Regarding the Concession for a Passerby to Eat Fruit, from the Chapters on Sales. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 5/289. It was also extracted by Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter on One Who Says: He May Eat What Has Fallen, from the Book of Jihad. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/37, 38. And Ibn Majah, in: The Chapter on One Who Passes by a People's Livestock or Orchard..., from the Book of Trade. Sunan Ibn Majah 2/771. (7) Omitted from: [M]. (8) In: The Chapter on the Interpretation of the People of the Covenant (Ahl al-Dhimmah) When They Dispute Regarding Trade, from the Book of Leadership. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/151, 152. (9) Extracted by al-Bukhari, in: The Chapter on the Saying of the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace): "Perhaps the one who is told understands better than the one who hears", and the Chapter on Conveying Knowledge from the Present to the Absent, from the Book of Knowledge; and in: The Chapter on the Sermon on the Days of Mina, from the Book of Hajj; and in: The Chapter on the Farewell Pilgrimage, from the Book of Military Expeditions; and in: The Chapter on One Who Says: The Day of Sacrifice (Al-Adha) is the Day of Nahr, from the Book of Sacrifices; and in: The Chapter on the Saying of the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace): "Do not return after me as disbelievers", from the Book of Trials (Fitan); and in: The Chapter on the Saying of Allah the Almighty: {Faces that Day shall be radiant}, from the Book of Tawhid. Sahih al-Bukhari 1/26, 37, 38, 2/215, 216, 5/224, 7/130, 9/63, 163. And Muslim, in: The Chapter on the Prohibition of [Violating] Blood, Honor, and Wealth, from the Book of Qasamah. Sahih Muslim 3/1305, 1306.
قال: سافَرْتُ مع أنسِ بن مالِكٍ، وعبدِ الرحمن بنِ سَمُرَةَ، وأبى بُرْدَةَ (٢)، فكانوا يمُرُّون بالثِّمارِ، فيأكُلُون فى أفْواهِهِم (٣). وهو قولُ عمرَ وابن عبَّاسٍ وأبى بُرْدَةَ (٢). قال عمرُ: يأكُلُ، ولا يَتَّخِذُ خُبْنَةً (٤). ورُوِىَ عن أحمد أَنَّه قال: يأْكلُ ممَّا تحتَ الشَّجَرِ، وإذا لم يكُنْ تحتَ الشَّجَرِ فلا يأكُلُ ثمارَ الناسِ، وهو غَنِىٌّ عنه. ولا يضْرِبُ بحَجَرٍ، ولا يرمِى؛ لأَنَّ هذا يُفْسِدُ. وقد رُوِىَ عن رافِعِ بن عمرٍو (٥) قال: كُنْتُ أرمِى نَخْلَ الأنصارِ، فأَخَذُونِى، فذَهَبُوا بى إلى النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- فقال: "يَا رَافِعُ، لِمَ تَرْمِى نَخْلَهُمْ؟ ". قُلْتُ: يا رسولَ اللَّه، الجوعُ. قال: "لَا تَرْمِ، وَكُلْ مَا وَقَعَ، أَشْبَعَكَ اللَّهُ وأَروَاكَ". أخْرَجَه التِّرْمِذِىُّ (٦). وقال: هذا حَدِيثٌ صحيحٌ. وقال أكثرُ الفُقَهاءِ: لا يُباحُ الأَكْلُ إلَّا (٧) فى الضَّرُورَةِ؛ لما رَوَى العِرْباضُ بنُ سارَيةَ، أَنَّ رسولَ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، قال: "أَلَا وَإِنَّ اللَّه لَم يُحِلَّ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتَ أهلِ الْكِتَابِ إِلَّا بإِذْنٍ، ولَا ضَرْبَ نِسَائِهم، ولَا أَكْلَ ثِمارِهِمْ، إذَا أَعْطَوْكُمُ الَّذِى عَلَيْهِمْ". أخْرَجَه أبو داوُدَ (٨). وقال النبىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "إِنَّ دِماءَكُمْ، وأَمْوالَكُمْ، وأَعْرَاضَكُمْ، حَرَامٌ، كَحُرْمَةِ يَوْمِكُم هذا". مُتَّفَقٌ عليه (٩). ولَنا، ما رَوَى عَمْرُو بنُ
(٢) فى ب: "وأبى بريدة". وفى الشرح الكبير: "وأبى برزة".(٣) انظر: إرواء الغليل ٨/ ١٥٨.(٤) أخرجه البيهقى، فى: باب ما جاء فى من مرّ بحائط إنسان أو ماشية، من كتاب الضحايا. السنن الكبرى ٩/ ٣٥٩.والخبنة: ما يحمله الإنسان فى حضنه أو تحت إبطه.(٥) فى م: "عمر". خطأ.(٦) فى: باب ما جاء فى الرخصة فى أكل الثمرة للمارّ بها، من أبواب البيوع. عارضة الأحوذى ٥/ ٢٨٩.كما أخرجه أبو داود، فى: باب من قال: إنه يأكل مما سقط، من كتاب الجهاد. سنن أبى داود ٢/ ٣٧، ٣٨. وابن ماجه، فى: باب من مرّ على ماشية قوم أو حائط، . . .، من كتاب التجارات. سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ٧٧١.(٧) سقط من: م.(٨) فى: باب فى تفسير أهل الذمة إذا اختلفوا بالتجارات، من كتاب الإمارة. سنن أبى داود ٢/ ١٥١، ١٥٢.(٩) أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب قول النبى -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "رب مبلغ أوعى من سامع"، وباب ليبلغ العلم الشاهد الغائب، من كتاب العلم، وفى: باب الخطبة أيام منى، من كتاب الحج، وفى: باب حجة الوداع، من كتاب المغازى، وفى: باب من قال: الأضحى يوم النحر، من كتاب الأضاحى، وفى: باب قول النبى -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "لا ترجعوا بعدى كفارا"، من كتاب الفتن، وفى: باب قول اللَّه تعالى: {وُجُوهٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ نَاضِرَةٌ}، من كتاب التوحيد. صحيح البخارى ١/ ٢٦، ٣٧، ٣٨، ٢/ ٢١٥، ٢١٦، ٥/ ٢٢٤، ٧/ ١٣٠، ٩/ ٦٣، ١٦٣. ومسلم، فى: باب تحريم الدماء والأعراض والأموال، من كتاب القسامة. صحيح مسلم ٣/ ١٣٠٥، ١٣٠٦. =
