unless it is possible to acquire it through purchase or seeking consent, in which case he is not permitted to fight for it, as it is possible to obtain it without doing so. If he does not sell it except for more than the price of its equivalent, the Qadi mentioned that he may fight him for it. The more correct view is that it is not permissible for him to do so, because it is possible to obtain it without fighting. If he buys it for more than the price of its equivalent, he is not obligated to pay more than the price of its equivalent, because he became entitled to it by its value. He is obligated to provide compensation for it in every instance where he takes it, whether it is with him at the time or otherwise, it becomes a liability on his conscience. It is not permitted for the one in necessity to take from the wealth of his brother except what is permitted from carrion. Abu Hurayrah said: We said: O Messenger of Allah, what is permitted for one of us from the wealth of his brother when he is compelled to it? He said: "He eats and does not carry, and he drinks and does not carry."
Section: If famine intensifies in a year of drought and necessity befalls a large number of people, or if some people possess only the amount of their own sufficiency and the sufficiency of their families, he is not obligated to provide it to those in necessity, and they do not have the right to take it from him, because this leads to necessity befalling him as well, and it does not remove it from them. Likewise, if they are on a journey and he has with him only the amount of his sufficiency with no surplus, he is not obligated to give what he has to those in necessity. Our companions did not distinguish between this situation and the condition where he would not be harmed by giving what he has to them, in that it is mandatory upon him because he is not currently in necessity, while the other is in necessity, so it is necessary to prioritize the need of the one in necessity. Our argument is that this leads to the destruction of his own self and the destruction of his family, so it is not obligated upon him, just as if he could save a drowning person by drowning himself. Moreover, in providing it, there is an act of casting oneself into destruction, which Allah has forbidden.
1743 - Issue; He said: (And there is no harm in eating the dabb (spiny-tailed lizard) and the hyena.)
As for the dabb, it is permissible according to the opinion of the majority of scholars; among them are Umar ibn al-Khattab, Ibn Abbas, Abu Sa'id, and the companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). Abu Sa'id said: We, the company of the companions of Muhammad, would find it more beloved to one of us if a dabb were gifted to him than a chicken. Umar said: It does not please me that in place of every dabb there is a fat chicken, and I wish that in every dabb burrow there were two dabs.
(1) In [M]: "an" (that). (2) Narrated similarly by Ibn Majah, in: Chapter on the Prohibition of Taking Anything from It Without the Owner's Permission, from the Book of Trade. Sunan Ibn Majah 2/772. (1) Narrated by Ibn Abi Shaybah, in: Chapter on What They Said About Eating Dabb, from the Book of 'Aqiqa. Al-Musannaf 8/271, 272.
أَنْ يُمْكِنَ أخْذُه بشِرَاءٍ أو اسْتِرْضاءٍ، فليس له الْمُقاتَلَةُ عليه، لإِمْكانِ الوُصولِ إليه دُونَها، فإنْ لم يَبعْه إلَّا بأكثرَ من ثمنِ مِثْلِه، فذكَر القاضى أَنَّ له قِتالَه. والأوْلَى أنَّه (١) لا يجوزُ له ذلك؛ لإمْكَانِ الوُصولِ إليه بدُونِها. وإِنْ اشْتراهُ بأكثرَ من ثمنِ مِثْلِه، لم يَلْزَمْه إلَّا ثمنُ مِثْلِه؛ لأنَّه صارَ مُسْتَحَقًّا له بقِيمَتِه، ويَلْزَمُه عِوَضُه فى كلِّ موضعٍ أَخَذَه، فإنْ كان معه فى الحالِ، وإلَّا لَزِمَه فى ذِمَّتِه. ولا يُباحُ للمُضْطرِّ من مالِ أخيه، إلَّا ما يُباحُ من المَيْتَةِ. قال أبو هُرَيْرَةَ: قُلْنا: يا رسولَ اللَّه، ما يَحِلُّ لأَحَدِنا من مالِ أخيه إذا اضْطُرَّ إليه؟ قال: "يَأْكُلُ وَلَا يَحْمِلُ، ويَشربُ وَلَا يَحْمِلُ" (٢).
فصل: وإذا اشْتَدَّت المَخْمَصَةُ فى سَنَةِ المجاعَةِ، وأصابَت الضَّرورَةُ خَلْقًا كثيرًا، أو كان عندَ بعضِ الناس قَدْرُ كِفايَتِه وكفايَة عِيالِه، لم يَلْزَمْه بَذْلُه للمُضْطَرِّين، وليس لهم أخْذُه منه؛ لأنّ ذلك يُفْضِى إلى وُقوعِ الضرورَةِ به، ولا يَدْفَعُها عنهم. وكذلك إنْ كانُوا فى سَفَرٍ ومعه قَدْرُ كفايَتِه من غيرِ فَضْلةٍ، لم يَلْزَمْه بَذلُ ما معه للمُضْطَرِّين. ولم يُفَرِّقْ أصحابُنا بينَ هذه الحالِ وبينَ كَوْنِه لا يَتَضَرَّرُ بدَفْعِ ما معه إليهم، فى أَنَّ ذلك واجبٌ عليه؛ لكَوْنِه غيرَ مُضْطرٍّ فى الحالِ، والآخَرُ مُضْطَرٌّ، فوجَبَ تَقْديمُ حاجَةِ المُضْطَرِّ. ولَنا، أَنَّ هذا مُفْضٍ به إلى هَلاكِ نَفْسِه، وهَلاكِ عِيَالِه، فلم يَلْزَمْه، كما لو أمْكَنَه إنْجاءُ الغَرِيقِ بتَغْرِيقِ نفسِه، ولأن فى بَذْلِه إلْقاءً بِيَدهِ إلى التَّهْلُكَةِ، وقد نَهَى اللَّهُ عن ذلك.
١٧٤٣ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَلَا بَأْس بأَكْلِ الضَّبِّ والضَّبُعِ)
أمَّا الضَّبُّ، فإنَّه مُباحٌ فى قولِ أكثرِ أهلِ العلمِ؛ منهم عمرُ بن الخَطَّاب، وابنُ عبّاس، وأبو سعيدٍ، وأصْحابُ رسولِ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، رَضِىَ اللَّهُ عنهم. قال أبو سعيد: كُنّا مَعْشَرَ أصحابِ محمد، لأَنْ يُهْدَى إلى أحَدِنا ضَبٌّ أحَبُّ إليه من دَجاجَةٍ. وقال عمرُ: ما يَسُرُّنِى أَنَّ مَكانَ كُلِّ ضَبٍّ دَجاجَةٌ سَمِينَةٌ، ولَوَدَدْت أَنَّ فى كلِّ جُحْرِ ضَبٍّ ضَبَّيْنِ (١).
(١) فى م: "أن".(٢) أخرجه بنحوه ابن ماجه، فى: باب النهى أن يصيب منها شيئا إلا بإذن صاحبها، من كتاب التجارات. سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ٧٧٢.(١) أخرجه ابن أبى شيبة، فى: باب ما قالوا فى أكل الضب، من كتاب العقيقة. المصنف ٨/ ٢٧١، ٢٧٢.