the water, or fell from a mountain, or something stepped on it. If it is known that the poison did not aid in its killing because the arrow killed it more quickly, then it is permissible due to the absence of the prohibited factor.
1746 - Issue: He said: (And whatever has its habitat in the sea, but lives on land, is not eaten if it dies on land or in the sea.)
Every sea creature that lives on land is not lawful without slaughter (dhakah), such as waterfowl, the tortoise, and the seal, except for that which has no blood, such as the crab, for it is permitted without slaughter. Ahmad said: There is nothing wrong with the crab. It was said to him: Should it be slaughtered? He said: No. This is because the purpose of slaughter is to expel the blood from it and to make the meat wholesome by removing it. Therefore, that which has no blood does not need to be slaughtered. As for the rest of what we mentioned, it is not lawful unless it is slaughtered. Ahmad said: One slaughters the seal, and I see no harm in the tortoise if it is slaughtered, and he also slaughters the soft-shelled turtle. Some people said: It is lawful without slaughter due to the saying of the Prophet (peace be upon him) regarding the sea: "It is pure, its water is purifying, and its dead creatures are lawful." And because it is a sea animal, it is permitted without slaughter, like fish and crabs. Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Everything in the sea has been slaughtered for you by Allah Almighty. Imam Ahmad narrated with his chain of transmission from Shurayh, a man who reached the Prophet (peace be upon him), saying: "Everything in the sea is slaughtered." It is also narrated from the Prophet (peace be upon him) that he said: "Indeed, Allah has slaughtered everything in the sea for the son of Adam." Our evidence is that it is an animal that lives on land and has flowing blood, so it is not permitted without slaughter, just like birds. There is no disagreement regarding birds as far as we know, and the reports are interpreted as applying to what does not live except
(1) In [B]: "its slaughter (dhakatihi)". (2) Al-raqq: a large type of turtle. (3) Its documentation was previously mentioned in: 1/13, 14. (4) Narrated by al-Daraqutni, in: Book of Hunting and Slaughter. Sunan al-Daraqutni 4/269, 270. And al-Bayhaqi, in: Chapter on fish and the dead creatures of the sea, from the Book of Hunting and Slaughter. Al-Sunan al-Kubra 9/252. (5) Narrated by al-Bukhari, in: Chapter on the saying of Allah Almighty: {Lawful to you is the game of the sea}, from the Book of Slaughter. Sahih al-Bukhari 7/116. (6) Narrated by al-Daraqutni, in: Book of Hunting and Slaughter. Sunan al-Daraqutni 4/267, 269. (7) In [B]: "slaughter (dhakah)".
الماءِ، أو تَرَدَّى من جبلٍ، أو وَطِيء عليه شىءٌ. فإِنْ عَلِمَ أَنَّ السَّمَّ لم يُعِنْ على قَتْلِه، لكَوْنِ السَّهْمِ أوْحَى منه، فهو مُباحٌ؛ لانْتِفاءِ المُحَرِّمِ.
١٧٤٦ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَمَا كَانَ مَأْوَاهُ الْبَحْرُ، وَهُوَ يَعيشُ فِى الْبرِّ، لَمْ يُؤكَلْ إذَا مَاتَ فِى بَرٍّ أَوْ بَحْرٍ)
كل ما يَعِيشُ فى الْبَر مِن دَوابِّ البحرِ، لا يَحِلُّ بغيرِ ذكاةٍ (١)، كطيرِ الماءِ، والسُّلَحْفاةِ، وكلبِ الماءِ، إلَّا ما لا دَمَ فيه، كالسَّرَطَانِ، فإنَّه يُباحُ بغيرِ ذكاةٍ. قال أحمدُ: السَّرطَانُ لا بأْسَ به. قيلَ له: يُذْبَحُ؟ قال: لا. وذلك لأنَّ مَقْصُودَ الذبْحِ إنَّما هو إخْراجُ الدَّمِ منه، وتَطْيِيبُ اللحمِ بإزالَتِه عنه، فما لا دَمَ فيه، لا حاجَةَ إلى ذَبْحِه. وأمَّا سائِرُ ما ذكَرْنا، فلا يَحِلُّ إلَّا أَنْ يُذْبَحَ. قال أحمدُ: كلبُ الماءِ يذْبَحُه، ولا أرَى بَأسًا بالسُّلَحْفاةِ إذا ذُبِحَ، والرَّقِّ (٢) يَذْبَحُه. وقال قومٌ: يحِلُّ من غيرِ ذَكاةٍ؛ لقولِ النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- فى البحرِ: "هُوَ الطَّهُورُ مَاؤُهُ، الْحِلُّ مَيْتَتُهُ" (٣). ولأنَّه من حيوانِ البحرِ، فأُبِيحَ بغيرِ ذَكاةٍ، كالسَّمكِ والسَّرَطَانِ. وقال أبو بكرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ، رَضِىَ اللَّهُ عنه: كلُّ ما فى البحرِ قد ذَكَّاه اللَّه تعالَى لكم (٤). وروى الإِمامُ أحمدُ، بإسْنادِه عن شُرَيْحٍ رجُلٍ أدْرَكَ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، قال: كُلُّ شَىْءٍ فى الْبَحرِ مَذْبوحٌ (٥). ورُوِىَ عن النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، أنَّه قال: "إنَّ اللَّه ذَبَحَ كُلَّ شىءٍ فى الْبَحْرِ لِابْنِ آدَمَ" (٦). ولَنا، أَنَّهُ حيوانٌ يَعِيشُ فى البَرِّ، له نفسٌ سائِلَةٌ، فلم يُبَحْ بغيرِ ذَبْحٍ (٧)، كالطَّيْرِ، ولا خِلافَ فى الطَّيْرِ فيما عَلِمْناه، والأَخْبارُ مَحْمُولةٌ على ما لا يَعِيشُ إلَّا
(١) فى ب: "ذكاته".(٢) الرق: العظيم من السلاحف.(٣) تقدم تخريجه، فى: ١/ ١٣، ١٤.(٤) أخرجه الدارقطنى، فى: كتاب الصيد والذبائح. سنن الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٦٩، ٢٧٠. والبيهقى، فى: باب الحيتان وميتة البحر، من كتاب الصيد والذبائح. السنن الكبرى ٩/ ٢٥٢.(٥) أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب قول اللَّه تعالى: {أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ صَيْدُ الْبَحْرِ}، من كتاب الذبائح. صحيح البخارى ٧/ ١١٦.(٦) أخرجه الدارقطنى، فى: كتاب الصيد والذبائح. سنن الدارقطنى ٤/ ٢٦٧، ٢٦٩.(٧) فى ب: "ذكاة".
