if it had died. There is a third narration from him that what is originally water, like date vinegar, repels impurity from itself when it is abundant, whereas that which is not originally water does not repel it from itself. Al-Marwazi said: I said to Abu 'Abd Allah: What if impurity falls into vinegar or date syrup (dibs)? He said: As for vinegar, its origin is water; it returns to being water if it is added to. Ibn Mas'ud said regarding a mouse that fell into ghee: Only its flesh and blood are prohibited as carrion (3). Our evidence is what Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated from the Prophet (peace be upon him) that he was asked about a mouse that fell (4) into ghee? He said: "If it is solid, take it (5) and what is around it and cast it away. But if it is liquid, do not go near it" (6). Furthermore, that which is not water is not a purifier (tahur), so it does not repel impurity from itself; the ruling on the solid [state] we have already mentioned previously. There is a difference of opinion regarding using impure oil for lighting. Most narrations permit it because Ibn 'Umar ordered that it be used for lighting. It is also permissible for it to be used to coat a ship. This is the view of al-Shafi'i. According to another narration from Ahmad, it is not permissible to use it for lighting. This is the view of Ibn al-Mundhir, because the Prophet (peace be upon him) was asked about the fats of carrion used to coat ships, to grease hides, and that people use for lighting? He said: "No, it is unlawful" (7). This [case] is in the same meaning. Our argument is that it is oil that can be benefited from without harm, so it is permitted, like the pure [oil]. It has been narrated from the Prophet (peace be upon him) concerning dough that was kneaded with water from the wells of Thamud, that he forbade them from eating it and ordered them to feed it to the water-drawing camels (8). This oil is not carrion, nor is it from its fats, so the report does not encompass it. Once this is established, one may use it for lighting in a way that he does not touch it and its impurity does not transfer to him; either by placing the oil in a spout-equipped vessel and pouring from it into the lamp without touching it, or by placing a perforated lamp or a lantern with a hole on top of the jar containing the oil, and sealing it with clay or wax onto the head of the oil container, and whenever the lamp oil decreases,