pour water into it, such that the oil rises, filling the lamp, and similar to this. Abu 'Abd Allah did not view it as appropriate to grease hides with it, saying: Let containers and water skins be made of it. It was narrated from Ibn (9) 'Umar that hides are greased with it. Ahmad wondered at this and said: There is something strange in this; that something worn should be perfumed with something containing carrion! Thus, according to Ahmad's view, every use that leads to the pollution of a person is not permissible, and if it does not lead to that, it is permissible. As for eating it, there is no ambiguity regarding its prohibition, for the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "Do not go near it." This is also because the impure is khabith (vile/impure), and Allah has prohibited the khaba'ith (vile things). As for selling it, the apparent meaning of Ahmad's words, may Allah have mercy on him, is its prohibition, due to the saying of the Prophet (peace be upon him): "[If Allah prohibits] (10) something, He prohibits its price." Abu Musa said: Mix it with barley flour and sell it, but do not sell it to a Muslim, and make its nature clear. Abu al-Khattab narrated from Ahmad a narration that it may be sold to a disbeliever on the condition that he is aware of its impurity, because the disbelievers believe in its permissibility and consider eating it lawful. Our evidence is the saying of the Prophet (peace be upon him): "May Allah curse the Jews; the fats were prohibited for them, so they rendered them, sold them, and consumed their prices, and if Allah prohibits a thing, He prohibits its price." Agreed upon (11). Their belief in its permissibility does not make it permissible for us to sell it to them, just like wine and swine.
Section: As for the fats of carrion and the fat of swine, it is not permissible to benefit from them by using them for lighting or otherwise, nor is it permissible to coat ships or grease hides with them (12), because of what was narrated from the Prophet (peace be upon him) that he said: "Indeed, Allah has prohibited carrion, swine, and idols." They said: O Messenger of Allah, fats of carrion are used to coat ships, and hides are greased with them, and people use them for lighting? (9) He said: "No, it is haram (unlawful)." Agreed upon (13).
Section: If impure oil is used for lighting, its smoke is impure, because it is a part that is transformed (14) from it,
(9) Omitted from: [M]. (10) In the original, [A], [M]: "If Allah prohibits". It will appear [later]. (11) This is the one whose authentication was indicated in footnote 7. (12) In [B], [M]: "with it". (13) It is the aforementioned one. (14) In the original: "and it transforms".
صَبَّ فيه ماءً، بحيثُ يرتَفعُ الزَّيْتُ، فيَمْلأُ السِّراجَ، وما أشْبَهَ هذا، ولم يَرَ أبو عبد اللَّه أن تُدْهَنَ بها الجلودُ، وقال: يُجْعَلُ منه الأسْقِيَةُ والقِرَبُ. ونُقِلَ عن ابنِ (٩) عمرَ، أنَّه تُدْهَنُ به الجلودُ. وعَجِبَ أحمدُ من هذا، وقال: إنَّ فى هذا لَعَجَبًا، شىءٌ يُلْبَسُ يُطَيَّبُ بشىءٍ فيه مَيْتَةٌ! فعَلَى قولِ أحمدَ، كُلُّ انْتِفاع يُفْضِى إلى تَنْجِيسِ إنسانٍ لا يجوزُ، وإِنْ لم يُفْضِ إلى ذلك جازَ. فأمَّا أكْلُه فلا إشْكالَ فى تَحْرِيمِه؛ فإنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قال: "لَا تَقْرَبُوهُ". ولأنَّ النَّجِسَ خَبِيثٌ، وقد حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ الْخَبَائِثَ. وأما بَيْعُه، فظاهِرُ كلامِ أحمدَ، رَحِمَه اللَّهُ، تَحْرِيمُه؛ لقولِ النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: " [إنَّ اللَّه إذَا حَرَّمَ] (١٠) شَيْئًا، حَرَّمَ ثَمَنَهُ". وقال أبو موسى: لُتُّوهُ بالسَّوِيقِ وبِيعُوه، ولا تَبِيعُوه من مُسْلمٍ، وَبيِّنُوهُ. وحَكَى أبو الخطاب عن أحمد روايةً، أَنَّه يُباعُ لكافِرٍ بشرطِ أَنْ يعلمَ بِنَجاسَتِه؛ لأنَّ الكفارَ يعتقدُون حلّه، ويستبيحُون أَكْلَه. ولَنا، قَوْلُ النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "لَعَنَ اللَّهُ الْيَهُودَ، حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الشُّحُومُ، فَجَمَلُوهَا، وبَاعُوهَا، وأَكَلُوا أَثْمَانَهَا، إِنَّ اللَّهَ إِذَا حَرَّمَ شَيْئًا حَرَّمَ ثَمَنَهُ". مُتَّفَقٌ عليه (١١). وكَوْنُهم يَعْتَقِدُون حِلَّه، لا يُجَوِّزُ لنا بَيْعَه لهم كالخمرِ والخِنْزيرِ.
فصل: فأمَّا شُحومُ المَيْتَةِ، وشَحْمُ الخِنْزِيرِ، فلا يجوز الانْتِفاعُ به باسْتِصْباحٍ ولا غيرِه، ولا أَنْ تُطْلَى بها (١٢) السُّفُنُ ولا الجلودُ؛ لما رُوِىَ عن النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، أنَّه قال: "إِنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ الْمَيْتَةَ والْخِنْزِيرَ والْأَصْنَامَ". قالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّه، شُحومُ المَيْتَةِ تُطْلَى بها السُّفُنُ، ويُدْهَنُ بها الجُلودُ، ويَسْتَصْبِحُ بها (٩) الناسُ؟ قال: "لَا، هِىَ حَرَامٌ". مُتَّفَقٌ عليه (١٣).
فصل: إذا اسْتُصْبِحَ بالزَّيْتِ النَّجِسِ، فدُخانُه نَجِسٌ؛ لأنَّه جُزْءٌ يسْتحِيلُ (١٤) منه،
(٩) سقط من: م.(١٠) فى الأصل، أ، م: "إذا حرم اللَّه". ويأتى.(١١) هو الذى تقدمت الإشارة إلى تخريجه فى حاشية ٧.(١٢) فى ب، م: "به".(١٣) هو السابق.(١٤) فى الأصل: "ويستحيل".
