If he refuses to entertain him, then the guest has a right to the extent of his hospitality. Ahmad said: He has the right to demand from them his right which the Prophet (peace be upon him) established for him, but he should not take anything except with the knowledge of its owners. There is another narration from him that he may take what suffices him without their permission, based on what 'Uqba ibn 'Amir narrated, saying: We said, "O Messenger of Allah, you send us out, and we alight with a people who do not entertain us." He said: "If you alight with a people, and they offer you what is appropriate for a guest, then accept it. If they do not, then take from them the right of the guest which is incumbent upon them." Muttafaq 'alayh (38). Ahmad said, in interpreting the statement of the Prophet (peace be upon him): "Then he has the right to recompense them with the like of his entertainment (39)," meaning that he may take from their land, crops, and livestock to the extent that suffices him, without their permission. There is another narration from Ahmad that hospitality is incumbent upon the inhabitants of villages, not the inhabitants of cities. Al-Athram said: I heard Abu 'Abd Allah being asked about hospitality: In what does it apply? He said: It is emphatic, and it is as if it is more emphatic for those on the roads (40) and the villages whom people pass by. As for those like us now, it is not as it is for them.
Section: Al-Marrudhi said: I asked Abu 'Abd Allah, and I said: Do you dislike large loaves of bread? He said: Yes, I dislike them; there is no blessing in them, for the blessing is in the small ones. He said: Order them not to bake large ones. He said: I saw (41) Abu 'Abd Allah wash his hands before and after eating, even if he were in a state of wudu'. Muhanna said: I mentioned (42) to Yahya ibn Ma'in the hadith of Qays ibn al-Rabi', from Abu Hashim, from Zadhan, from Salman, from the Prophet (peace be upon him), who said: "The blessing of food is wudu' before it and after it."
(37) Omitted from: B, M. (38) Recorded by al-Bukhari, in: Chapter on the retribution of the oppressed, from the Book of Grievances, and in: Chapter on honoring the guest, from the Book of Etiquette. Sahih al-Bukhari 3/172, 8/39. And Muslim, in: Chapter on hospitality and the like, from the Book of Lost Property. Sahih Muslim 3/1353. It was also recorded by Abu Dawud, in: Chapter on what has come regarding hospitality, from the Book of Foods. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/308. And Ibn Majah, in: Chapter on the right of the guest, from the Book of Etiquette. Sunan Ibn Majah 2/1212. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 4/149. (39) Recorded by Abu Dawud, in: Chapter on the prohibition of eating predators, from the Book of Foods, and in: Chapter on adherence to the Sunnah, from the Book of Sunnah. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/319, 320, 505. And Imam Ahmad, in: Al-Musnad 4/131. (40) In B: "the road". (41) The waw is omitted from: A, B, M. (42) The waw is omitted from: B, M.
فإن امْتَنَعَ من إضافَتِه، فللضَّيْفِ بقَدْرِ ضِيافَتِه. قال أحمدُ: له أَنْ يُطالِبَهم بحَقِّه الذى جَعَلَه له النَّبِىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، ولا يأخُذُ شيئا إلَّا بِعِلْمِ أهْلِه. وعنه، رِوايَةٌ أُخْرَى، أَنَّ له أَنْ (٣٧) يأخُذَ ما يَكْفِيه بغيرِ إذْنِهم؛ لما رَوَى عُقْبةُ بنُ عامِرٍ، قال: قُلْنا: يا رسولَ اللَّه، إنَّك تَبْعَثُنا، فنَنْزِلُ بقومٍ لا يَقْرُونَنا. قال: "إذَا نَزَلْتُم بِقَوْمٍ، فَأمرُوا لَكُمْ بِمَا يَنْبَغِى لِلضَّيْفِ، فَاقْبَلُوا، فإنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلُوا، فَخُذُوا مِنْهُمْ حَقَّ الضَّيْفِ الَّذِى يَنْبَغِى لَهُمْ". مُتَّفَقٌ عليه (٣٨). وقال أحمدُ، فى تفسيرِ قولِ النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "فَلَهُ أَنْ يُعْقِبَهُمْ بِمِثْلِ قِرَاهُ" (٣٩). يعنى أَنْ يأخُذَ من أرضهمِ وزَرْعِهم وضَرْعِهم بقَدْرِ ما يكْفِيه، بغيرِ إذْنِهم. وعن أحمدَ، رِوَايَةٌ أخْرَى، أَنَّ الضيافَةَ على أهلِ القُرَى دُونَ أهْلِ الأَمْصارِ. قال الأثْرَمُ: سمِعْتُ أبا عبدِ اللَّه يُسْألُ عن الضِّيافَةِ، أىَّ شىءٍ تَذْهَبُ فيها؟ قال: هى مُؤكَّدَةٌ، وكأنَّها على أهلِ الطُّرُقِ (٤٠) والقُرَى الذين يَمُرُّ بِهم الناسُ أوْكَدُ، فأمَّا مِثْلُنا الآنَ، فكأنَّه ليس مِثْلَ أولئك.
فصل: قال المَرُّوذِىُّ: سَألْتُ أبا عبدِ اللَّه، قُلْتُ: تَكْرَهُ الخُبْزَ الكِبارَ؟ قال: نعم، أَكْرَهَهُ، ليس فيه بَرَكَةٌ، إنَّما البَرَكَةُ فى الصِّغارِ. وقال: مُرْهُم أَنْ لا يَخْبِزُوا كبارًا. قال: ورَأَيْتُ (٤١) أبا عبدِ اللَّه يغْسِلُ يَدَيْهِ قبلَ الطعامِ وبعدَه، وإِنْ كانَ على وُضوءٍ. وقال مُهَنَّا: وذَكَرْتُ (٤٢) ليحيى بنِ مَعِين حَدِيثَ قَيْس بنِ الرَّبِيعِ، عن أبى هاشِمٍ، عن زَاذَانَ، عن سَلْمانَ، عن النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، قال: "بَرَكَةُ الطَّعَامِ الْوُضُوءُ قَبْلَهُ
(٣٧) سقط من: ب، م.(٣٨) أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب قصاص المظلوم، من كتاب المظالم، وفى: باب إكرام الضيف، من كتاب الأدب. صحيح البخارى ٣/ ١٧٢، ٨/ ٣٩. ومسلم، فى: باب الضيافة ونحوها، من كتاب اللقطة. صحيح مسلم ٣/ ١٣٥٣.كما أخرجه أبو داود، فى: باب ما جاء فى الضيافة، من كتاب الأطعمة. سنن أبى داود ٢/ ٣٠٨. وابن ماجه، فى: باب حق الضيف، من كتاب الأدب. سنن ابن ماجه ٢/ ١٢١٢. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٤/ ١٤٩.(٣٩) أخرجه أبو داود، فى: باب النهى عن أكل السباع، من كتاب الأطعمة، وفى: باب فى لزوم السنة، من كتاب السنة. سنن أبى داود ٢/ ٣١٩، ٣٢٠، ٥٠٥. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٤/ ١٣١.(٤٠) فى ب: "الطريق".(٤١) سقطت الواو من: أ، ب، م.(٤٢) سقطت الواو من: ب، م.