34). {By Allah, I will surely plan against your idols} (35). The poet also said (36):
By Allah, there remains over the days one with curved horns, On a high mountain where the oleander and myrtle are (37)
If he says: "I did not intend an oath by it," it is not accepted from him, because he employed the explicit wording for an oath, and a context implying it was attached to it, which is the response being the answer to an oath. It is possible that it be accepted from him in his statement: "Tallahi la-aqumann" (By Allah, I will surely stand), if he says: "I meant that my standing is through the aid and grace of Allah," because he interpreted his speech by what it could potentially mean. It is not accepted in the other two particles due to the lack of such possibility. It is also possible that it may not be accepted under any circumstances, because he responded with the answer to an oath, so diverting it to another meaning is prohibited.
Section: If he swears without a particle of swearing and says: "Allah, I will surely stand," in either the genitive (jarr) or accusative (nasb) case, it is an oath. Al-Shafi'i said: It is not an oath unless he intends it as such; because his mention (38) of the name of Allah the Almighty without a particle of swearing is not explicit in the oath, so it is not construed (39) as one except with the intention. Our position is that it is linguistically valid in Arabic, and customary usage in the Shari'ah has confirmed it. It was reported that 'Abd Allah ibn Mas'ud informed the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) that he had killed Abu Jahl, and he said: "A-lillahi innaka qataltahu?" (By Allah, did you kill him?). He said: "No." He said: "Allahi, inni qataltuhu" (By Allah, I killed him). Al-Bukhari mentioned it.
(34) Surah Yusuf 73. (35) Surah al-Anbiya 57. (36) From a poem by Abu Dhu'ayb al-Hudhali. Abu Nasr said: It is for Malik ibn Khalid al-Khana'i al-Hudhali. Sharh Ash'ar al-Hudhaliyyin 226, 227. (37) In manuscript A: "dhu hasad" (possessor of envy). "Dhu hayd" means: having protruding horns. "Al-zayyan" is the jasmine tree. The first hemistich of the verse in al-Sukkari's commentary is: "Ya Mayyu, la yu'jizu al-ayyama dhu haydin." The first hemistich mentioned here was cited by al-Sukkari as the first hemistich of a verse by Sa'idah al-Hudhali, the second hemistich of which is: "adfa salud min al-aw'al dhu khadam." Sharh Ash'ar al-Hudhaliyyin 3/1124. (38) In manuscripts A, B, and M: "dhikr". (39) In manuscript B: "yusraf".
عَلِمْتُمْ} (٣٤). {تَاللَّهِ لَأَكِيدَنَّ أَصْنَامَكُمْ} (٣٥). وقال الشاعرُ (٣٦).
تَاللَّهِ يَبْقَى على الأَيَّامِ ذُو حِيَدٍ ... بمُشْمَخِرٍّ به الظَّيَّانُ والْآسُ (٣٧)
فإنْ قال: ما أرَدْتُ به القَسَمَ. لم يقبلْ منه؛ لأنَّه أتَى باللَّفْظِ الصَّريحِ فى القَسَمِ، واقْتَرَنَتْ به قَرِينَةٌ دالَّةٌ عليه، وهو الجوابُ بجَوابِ القَسَمِ. ويَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يُقْبَلَ منه فى قولِه: تاللَّهِ لأقُومَنَّ. إذا قال: أردْتُ أَنَّ قِيامِى بِمَعُونَةِ اللَّه وفَضْلِه. لأنَّه فسَّرَ كلامَه بما يَحْتَمِلُه. ولا يُقْبَلُ فى الحَرْفَيْنِ الآخَرَيْنِ، لعَدَمِ الاحْتِمالِ. ويَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ لا يُقْبَلَ بحالٍ؛ لأنَّه أجابَ بجوابِ القَسَمِ، فيُمْنَعُ صَرْفُه إلى غيرِه.
فصل: وإِنْ أَقْسَمَ بغيرِ حَرْفِ القَسَمِ، فقال: اللَّه لأَقُومَنَّ. بالجَرِّ أو النصْبِ، كان يَمِيِنًا. وقال الشافِعِىُّ: لا يكونُ يَمِينًا، إلَّا أَنْ يَنْوِىَ؛ لأنَّ ذِكْرَهُ (٣٨) اسْمَ اللَّهِ تعالى بغيرِ حَرفِ القَسَمِ، ليس بصَرِيحٍ فى القَسَمِ، فلا يَنْصَرِفُ (٣٩) إليه إلَّا بالنِّيَّةِ. ولَنا، أنَّه سائِغٌ فى العَربِيَّةِ، وقد وَرَدَ به عُرْفُ الاسْتعمالِ فى الشَّرْعِ، فرُوِىَ أَنَّ عبدَ اللَّه بن مَسْعودٍ أخْبَرَ النّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، أنَّه قَتَلَ أبا جَهْلٍ، فقال: "آللَّهِ إِنَّكَ قَتَلْتَه؟ " لا. قال: اللَّه إنِّى قَتَلْتُه. ذَكَره
(٣٤) سورة يوسف ٧٣.(٣٥) سورة الأنبياء ٥٧.(٣٦) من قصيدة لأبى ذؤيب الهذلى. وقال أبو نصر: هى لمالك بن خالد الخناعى الهذلى. شرح أشعار الهذليين ٢٢٦، ٢٢٧.(٣٧) فى أ: "ذو حسد". وذو حيد: ذو قرون ناتئة. والظيان: شجر الياسمين.وصدر البيت فى شرح السكرى:* يامَىُّ لا يُعْجِزُ الأيَّامَ ذو حِيَدٍ *والصدر الذى ورد هنا ذكره السكرى صدر بيت لساعذة الهذلى، عجزه:* أدْفَى صَلودٌ من الأوعالِ ذو خَدمِ *شرح أشعار الهذليين ٣/ ١١٢٤.(٣٨) فى أ، ب، م: "ذكر".(٣٩) فى ب: "يصرف".