in it. If it is a man, then it is a garment in which prayer is valid. If it is a woman, then a shift and a head covering. Malik said this. Among those who said that trousers do not suffice are Al-Awza'i and Abu Yusuf. Ibrahim said: A complete garment. Al-Hasan said: For every needy person, a suit (hullah), an izar (waist wrapper) and a rida' (cloak). Ibn Umar, Ata', Tawus, Mujahid, Ikrimah, and the scholars of the school of opinion (Ashab al-Ra'y) said: One garment suffices. They did not differentiate between the man and the woman. It was narrated from Al-Hasan that he said: A turban suffices. Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab said: A cloak (aba'ah) and a turban. Al-Shafi'i said: The least that the name applies to suffices, whether it be trousers, or an izar, or a rida', or a head covering (miqna'ah), or a turban; and regarding the skullcap (qalansuwah) there are two views. They argued that the name "clothing" applies to these, therefore it suffices, just as [it suffices for] that in which prayer is valid. Our argument is that clothing is one of the categories of expiation, so it is not permissible for it to be [anything] that the name merely applies to, just like feeding and freeing a slave. Also, because expiation is an act of worship in which clothing is considered, so less than what we have mentioned is not permitted, just like in prayer. Also, because it is allotted to the needy in the expiation, so it is estimated, like feeding. And because the wearer of that which does not cover his nakedness (awrah) is called naked, not clothed; similarly, the wearer of trousers alone, or a loincloth alone, is called naked, so it does not suffice for him, due to the saying of Allah the Almighty: {or clothing them}. Once this is established, when he clothes a woman, he gives her a shift and a head covering, because that is the least that covers her nakedness and prayer is valid for her in it. If he gives her a loose garment with which she can cover her body and her head, that suffices. If he clothes a man, a shirt suffices him, or a garment with which he can cover his nakedness and place some of it upon his shoulder, or two garments, one of which he uses as an izar and with the other he drapes himself. A loincloth (mi'zar) alone does not suffice, nor do trousers alone, due to the saying of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): "None of you should pray in a single garment that has nothing of it on his shoulder."

Section: It is permissible to clothe them from all categories of clothing, such as cotton, linen, wool, hair, animal fur, silk-like material (khazz), and silk, because Allah the Almighty commanded their clothing and did not specify its material. Thus, whatever material he clothes them with, he has fulfilled the obligation, due to the existence of the clothing that was commanded.