garment, riding a beast, or divorcing a wife in a permissible manner. In this case, the person who made the vow has the choice: either to perform it, and thus he fulfills his vow (for it was narrated that a woman came to the Prophet (peace and blessings of God be upon him) and said: "I have vowed to beat on your head with a tambourine." The Messenger of God (peace and blessings of God be upon him) said: "Fulfill your vow." Narrated by Abu Dawud (33). Furthermore, if one were to swear to perform a permissible act, he fulfills his oath by performing it, so likewise is the case if he vows it; for a vow is like an oath). Or, if he wishes, he may abandon it, and upon him is the expiation of an oath. It is also derived that there is no expiation in it, for our scholars have said regarding one who vows to perform i'tikaf or to pray in a specific mosque: he may perform the prayer and the i'tikaf in another, and there is no expiation. Similarly, one who vows to give all of his wealth in charity, the charity of one-third of it satisfies him without expiation. This is similar to that. Malik and al-Shafi'i said: His vow is not binding, because of the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings of God be upon him): "There is no vow except for what is sought thereby for the sake of God." It was narrated that Ibn Abbas said: While the Prophet (peace and blessings of God be upon him) was delivering a sermon, he noticed a man standing, and he asked about him. They said: "It is Abu Isra'il, he vowed to stand in the sun, not to seek shade, not to speak, and to fast." The Prophet (peace and blessings of God be upon him) said: "Command him [to sit, to seek shade] (34), to speak, and to complete his fast." Narrated by al-Bukhari. From Anas, who said: A woman vowed to walk to the Sacred House of God (35), and the Prophet of God (peace and blessings of God be upon him) was asked about that, so he said: "God is indeed free of need for her walking; command her to ride." Al-Tirmidhi (36) said: This is a hasan (good) (37) authentic (38) hadith, and he did not command an expiation. It was also narrated that the Prophet (peace and blessings of God be upon him) saw a man being supported between two men, and he asked about him, and they said: "He vowed to perform Hajj walking." He said: "God is indeed free of need for this man torturing himself; command him to ride." Agreed upon (39), and he did not command him to offer an expiation, and because it is a vow that does not necessitate...
(33) In: The Chapter on what is commanded regarding the fulfillment of a vow, from the Book of Oaths and Vows. Sunan Abi Dawud 2/213. It was also narrated by al-Tirmidhi in: The Chapter on the virtues of Umar (may God be pleased with him), from the Chapters on Virtues. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 13/147; Imam Ahmad in: Al-Musnad 5/353, 356; al-Bayhaqi in: The Chapter on what should be fulfilled of a vow, from the Book of Vows. Al-Sunan al-Kubra 10/77; and Ibn Hibban in: The Chapter mentioning the reports indicating the permissibility of fulfilling a vow..., from the Book of Vows. See: Al-Ihsan 6/286, 287. (34) In [M]: "to seek shade and to sit". (35) Dropped from [B]. (36) In: The Chapter on what was narrated regarding one who swears to walk and is unable, from the Chapters on Vows. 'Aridat al-Ahwadhi 7/19-20. (37) Dropped from [M]. (38) After this in al-Tirmidhi: "gharib (rare)". (39) Narrated by al-Bukhari in: The Chapter on one who vows to walk to the Ka'bah, from the Chapters on those prevented and compensation for hunting, and in: The Chapter on the vow regarding that which =
الثوبِ، ورُكوبِ الدَّابَّةِ، وطلاقِ المرأةِ على وَجْهٍ مُباحٍ، فهذا يتَخيَّرُ النَّاذِرُ فيه، بينَ فِعْلِه فيَبَرُّ بذلك؛ لما رُوىَ أَنَّ أمرأة أتتِ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، فقالت: إنِّى نَذَرْتُ أن أضْرِبَ على رَأْسِك بالدُّفِّ. فقال رسولُ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "أوْفِ بِنَذْرِكِ". رواه أبو داودَ (٣٣). ولأنَّه لو حلَف على فعلِ مُباحٍ، بَرَّ بفعْلِه، فكذلك إذا نَذَرَه؛ لأنَّ النَّذْرَ كاليَمِينِ. وإِنْ شاءَ تركَه وعليه كفارةُ يَمِينٍ. ويَتخرَّجُ أَنْ لا كفَّارةَ فيه؛ فإِنَّ أصْحابَنا قالوا، فى مَن نَذَرَ أن يعْتَكِفَ أو يُصَلِّىَ فى مسجدٍ مُعَيَّنٍ: كان له أن يُصَلِّىَ ويعْتكِفَ فى غيرِه، ولا كفَّارةَ، ومن نَذَرَ أن يتصدَّقَ بمالِه كلِّه، أجْزَأتْهُ الصدقةُ بثُلثِه بلا كفَّارةٍ. وهذا مثلُه. وقال مالكٌ، والشَّافعىُّ: لا ينْعَقِدُ نَذْرُه؛ لقولِ النَّبِىِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "لَا نَذْرَ إِلَّا فِيمَا ابْتُغِىَ بِهِ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ". وقد روَى ابنُ عبَّاسٍ، قال: بَيْنَا النَّبِىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- يخطُب، إذ هو برجلٍ قائمٍ، فسأل عنه، فقالوا: أبو إسرائيلَ، نذرَ أن يقومَ فى الشمس، ولا يسْتظلَّ، ولا يتكلمَ، ويصومَ. فقال النَّبِىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "مُروهُ [فَلْيَجْلِسْ، وَلْيَسْتَظِلَّ] (٣٤)، وَليَتَكَلَّمْ، وَلْيُتمَّ صَوْمَهُ" روَاه البخارىُّ. وعن أنسٍ قال: نذَرَتِ امرأةٌ أَنْ تمشيَ إلى بيتِ اللَّهِ الحرامِ (٣٥)، فَسُئِلَ نَبىُّ اللَّهِ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- عن ذلك، فقال: "إِنَّ اللَّه لَغَنِىٌّ عَنْ مَشْيهَا، مُرُوهَا فَلْتَرْكَبْ". قال التِّرْمِذِىُّ (٣٦): هذا حديثٌ حَسَنٌ (٣٧) صحيحٌ (٣٨). ولم يأمُرْ بكفَّارةٍ. ورُوِىَ أَنَّ النَّبىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- رأى رجلًا يُهادَى بين اثْنَين، فسألَ عنه، فقالوا: نَذَرَ أن يَحُجَّ ماشِيًا. فقال: "إِنَّ اللَّه لَغَنِىٌّ عَنْ تَعْذِيبِ هَذَا نَفْسَهُ، مُرُوهُ فَلْيَرْكَبْ". مُتَّفَقٌ عليه (٣٩). ولم يأمُرْه بكفَّارةٍ، ولأنَّه نَذرٌ غيرُ مُوجِبٍ
(٣٣) فى: باب ما يؤمر به من الوفاء عن النذر، من كتاب الأيمان والنذور. سنن أبى داود ٢/ ٢١٣.كما أخرجه الترمذى، فى: باب مناقب عمر رضى اللَّه عنه، من أبواب المناقب. عارضة الأحوذى ١٣/ ١٤٧. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٥/ ٣٥٣، ٣٥٦. والبيهقى، فى: باب ما يوفى به من النذر، من كتاب النذور. السنن الكبرى ١٠/ ٧٧. وابن حبان، فى: باب ذكر الخير الدال على إباحة قضاء النذر. . .، من كتاب النذور. انظر: الإحسان ٦/ ٢٨٦، ٢٨٧.(٣٤) فى م: "فليستِظل وليجلس".(٣٥) سقط من: ب.(٣٦) فى: باب ما جاء فى من يحلف بالمشى ولا يستطيع، من أبواب النذور. عارضة الأحوذى ٧/ ١٩، ٢٠.(٣٧) سقط من: م.(٣٨) بعد هذا فى الترمذى: "غريب".(٣٩) أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب من نذر المشى إلى الكعبة، من أبواب المحصر وجزاء الصيد، وفى: باب النذر فيما لا =
