The Qāḍī said: The other party shall be compelled to do so. This is the view of al-Shāfiʿī and the people of Iraq, because he is requesting the segregation of his share, which he is not harmed by differentiating, so it is necessary to respond to him, just as if they both would not be harmed by the division. For our part, we rely on the statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): "There shall be no harm and no reciprocated harm." Also, because it is a division in which he harms his partner, he shall not be compelled to perform it, just as if they were both harmed. And because it involves the wasting of wealth, and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) has forbidden its waste; and if it is forbidden for him to [waste his own wealth, then wasting] the wealth of another is even more so. ʿAmr ibn Jumayʿ has narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) that he said: "There is no 'taḍiyah' (forced division) among the heirs, except for that which is effectively divided." Abū ʿUbaydah said: It means that he leaves behind something which, if divided, would result in harm to some of them, or to all of them. Also, because we have agreed that harm is a preventive factor against division, and that harm in the right of one of them is preventive; it is not permissible for the preventive factor to be the harm of the requester, because he is satisfied with it from his side, so it is not permissible for it to be a preventive factor, just as if they both agreed to it despite their harm or the harm of one of them. Thus, the harm that prevents division is determined to be on the side of the requested party, and because it is harm not consented to by its owner, it prevents division, just as if they were both harmed. If the one harmed by it requests the division, such as the owner of the third in the hypothetical issue, the other party shall be compelled to it. This is the school of Abū Ḥanīfah and Mālik, because he is requesting the removal of the harm of partnership from himself through a matter in which there is no harm upon his partner, so he is compelled to it, just as if there were no harm in it. What validates this is that the harm of the requester is consented to from his side, so its ruling drops, and the other party has no harm upon him, so it becomes as if there is no harm in it. And he mentioned
(18) In [B] and [M]: "ifrād" (segregation). (19) In [M]: "yastaḍurr" (is harmed). (20) In [A] and [M]: "iḍāʿatuhu mālahu, fa-iḍāʿatuhu" (wasting his wealth, then wasting...). (21) Al-ʿUqaylī said of him: "A liar, malignant." Al-Ḍuʿafāʾ al-Kabīr 3/264. The ḥadīth was recorded from Ibn Ḥazm by al-Dāraquṭnī in Kitāb al-Aqḍiyah wa al-Aḥkām and others. Sunan al-Dāraquṭnī 4/219. And by al-Bayhaqī in the chapter on "What does not allow division," from the book Ādāb al-Qāḍī. Al-Sunan al-Kubrā 10/133. It is also in Gharīb al-Ḥadīth 2/7, al-Fāʾiq 2/444, and al-Nihāyah by Ibn al-Athīr 3/256. (22) In [M]: "taʿṣabah". The diacritical points are unclear in the original and [M]. "Taḍiyah" is the splitting. Gharīb al-Ḥadīth, same location. (23) In [M]: "salb".
القاضي: يُجْبَرُ الآخَرُ عليها. وهو قولُ الشَّافعىِّ، وأهلِ العراقِ؛ لأنَّه طلَبَ إفْرازَ (١٨) نَصِيبِه الذى لا يَسْتضِرُّ بتَمْيِيزِه، فوجَبتْ إجابتُه إليه، كما لو كانا لا يَسْتضِرَّان بالقِسْمَةِ. ولَنا، قولُ النبَّىِّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: "لَا ضَرَرَ وَلَا إضْرَارَ". ولأنَّها قِسْمَةٌ يَضُرُّ (١٩) بها صاحبَه، فلم يُجْبَرْ عليها، كما لو اسْتَضرَّا معًا، ولأنَّ فيه إضاعةَ المالِ، وقد نَهَى النَّبِىُّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- عن إضاعتِه، وإذا حَرُمَ عليه [إضاعةُ مالِهِ، فإضاعةُ] (٢٠) مالِ غيرِه أوْلَى. وقد روَى عمرُو بنُ جُمَيعٍ (٢١)، عن النَّبِيِّ -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-، أنَّه قال: "لا تَعْضِيَةً (٢٢) عَلَى أهْلِ الْمِيرَاثِ، إلَّا مَا حَصَلَ القَسْمُ". قال أبو عُبيدةَ: هو أنْ يُخْلِفَ شيئًا، إذا قُسِمَ كان فيه ضررٌ على بعضِهم، أو عليهم جميعًا. ولأنَّنا اتَّفقْنا على أنَّ الضَّررَ مانِعٌ مِن القِسْمَةِ، وأنَّ الضَّررَ في حَقِّ أحدِهما مانِعٌ، ولا يجوزُ أن يكونَ المانِعُ هو ضررَ الطالبِ؛ لأنَّه مَرْضِيٌّ به مِن جِهَتِه، فلا يجوزُ كونُه مانعًا، كما لو تَراضَيا عليها مع ضَررِهما أو ضررِ أحدِهما، فتعيَّنَ الضَّررُ المانِعُ في جهةِ المطْلوبِ، ولأنَّه ضررٌ غيرُ مَرْضِيٌّ به مِن جهةِ صاحبِه، فمنَعَ القِسْمَةَ، كما لو اسْتضرَّا معًا. وإن طلبَ القِسْمةَ المُسْتضِرُّ بها، كصاحب الثُّلثِ في المسألةِ المَفْروضةِ، أُجْبِرَ الآخَرُ عليها. هذا مذهبُ أبي حنيفةَ، ومالكٍ؛ لأَنَّه طلبَ (٢٣) دَفْعَ ضَررِ الشركةِ عنه، بأمرٍ لا ضررَ على صاحبِه فيه، فأُجْبِرَ عليه، كما لا ضَرَرَ فيه. يُحَقِّقُه أنَّ ضررَ الطالبِ مَرْضِيٌّ به من جِهَتِه، فسقَطَ حُكمُه، والآخَرُ لا ضررَ عليه، فصارَ كما لا ضررَ فيه. وذكرَ
(١٨) في ب، م: "إفراد".(١٩) في م: "يستضر".(٢٠) في أ، م: "إضاعته ماله، فإضاعته".(٢١) قال عنه العقيلى: كذاب، خبيث. الضعفاء الكبير ٣/ ٢٦٤. والحديث أخرجه عن ابن حزم، الدارقطني في: كتاب الأقضية والأحكام وغير ذلك. سنن الدارقطني ٤/ ٢١٩. والبيهقي، في: باب ما لا يحتمل القسمة، من كتاب آداب القاضي. السنن الكبري ١٠/ ١٣٣. وهو في: غريب الحديث ٢/ ٧، والفائق ٢/ ٤٤٤، والنهاية، لابن الأثير ٣/ ٢٥٦.(٢٢) في م: "تغصبة". والإعجام غير واضح في: الأصل، م. والتعضية: التفريق. غريب الحدث. الموضع السابق.(٢٣) في م: "سلب".