has no valid testimony. Whoever has a profession in which usury is frequent, such as a jeweler or a money changer, and does not refrain from that, his testimony is rejected.

Section: On games: Every game that involves gambling is forbidden, regardless of the game (28), for it is part of the maysir (gambling) that God Almighty has commanded to be avoided. Whoever repeats this has his testimony rejected. As for that which is free of gambling—which is the game in which there is no compensation from either side, nor from one of them—some of it is forbidden and some of it is permissible. As for the forbidden, it is playing with dice (nard) (29). This is the view of Abu Hanifah and most of the companions of al-Shafi'i. Some of them said it is disapproved (makruh) but not forbidden. Our evidence is what Abu Musa narrated, saying: I heard the Messenger of God (peace and blessings of God be upon him) say (30): "Whoever plays with nardashir has disobeyed God and His Messenger." Buraydah also narrated that the Prophet (peace and blessings of God be upon him) said: "Whoever plays with nardashir, it is as if he dipped his hand in the flesh and blood of a pig." Both were narrated by Abu Dawud (31). Sa'id ibn Jubayr, when passing by those playing nardashir, would not greet them. Once this is established, whoever repeatedly plays it (32) shall have no [testimony accepted] (33), whether he plays it as gambling or otherwise. This is the view of Abu Hanifah, Malik, and the apparent position of the Shafi'i school. Malik said: Whoever plays with dice and chess, I do not consider his testimony to be of any weight, because God Almighty said: "And what is there after truth except error?" (34). Since this is not from the truth, it must be from error.