ShamelaTranslate
بحث
تسجيل الدخول
ShamelaTranslate

© 2026 ShamelaTranslate. مشروع علمي مفتوح الوصول.

حولتواصلتبرّعبيانات النشرالخصوصيةشروط الاستخدامحق الانسحابإلغاء اشتراك
المغني لابن قدامة - ت التركي
مجلد 14 · صفحة 297فصل

الترجمة · EN

Section: If two people claim an asset, and each of them says: "This asset is mine; I bought it from Zayd for one hundred, and I paid him for it." If there is no evidence for either of them, and Zayd denies both of them, he shall take an oath, and the asset remains his. If he acknowledges it for one of them, he hands it over to him and takes an oath for the other. If he acknowledges half of it for each of them, it is handed over to both, and he takes an oath for each (25) of them regarding his half. If he says, "I do not know to whom among you it belongs," lots are drawn between them, and whichever one the lot falls upon takes an oath and takes it. If the seller takes an oath that it is his, and then acknowledges it for one of them, it is handed over (26) to him; then, if he acknowledges it for the other, he is obligated (27) to pay its value as damages to him. If each of them presents evidence for what he claimed, we examine the matter: if the two pieces of evidence are dated with different dates—such as one of them claiming he bought it in Muharram, and the other claiming he bought it in Safar—and the evidence of each of them testifies to their respective claims, it belongs to the first [buyer], because it was established that he sold it to the first [person], so his ownership ceased. Thus, his sale in Safar is void, due to him selling what he did not own, and he is demanded to return the price. If they are dated with the same date, are absolute (undated), or one is absolute and the other dated, they conflict due to the impossibility of reconciling them. Therefore, we look at the asset: if it is in the possession of one of them, this rests upon the disagreement regarding the evidence of the 'possessor' (al-dakhil) and the 'non-possessor' (al-kharij); whoever prioritizes the evidence of the possessor makes it for the one in whose possession it is, and whoever prioritizes the evidence of the non-possessor makes it for the non-possessor. If it is in the possession of the seller, and we say the two pieces of evidence cancel each other out, we return to the seller; if he denies both, he swears for both, and it is his; if he acknowledges it for one of them, it is handed over to him and he swears for the other; and if he acknowledges it for both, it is between them, and he swears for each of them regarding his half, just as if they had no evidence. If we say the two pieces of evidence do not cancel each other out, no attention is paid to his denial or his admission. This is the view of the Qadi and most of the companions of al-Shafi'i, because it has been established that his ownership has ceased and that his possession has no legal weight, so his statement has no effect. As for the one who says, "Lots are drawn between them," [lots are drawn between them] (28), so whoever the lot falls upon, it is his along with his oath. This is the view of the Qadi, and he did not mention anything.

الحواشي

(25) In B and M: "al-kull" (the whole/all). (26) In B: "sallamaha" (he handed it over). (27) In B and M: "lazimathu" (he is obligated/it is binding upon him). (28) Omitted from: B.

العربية (المصدر)

فصل: إذا تَدَاعَيَا عَيْنًا، فقال كُلُّ واحِدٍ منهما: هذه العَيْنُ لى، اشْتَرَيْتُها من زيدٍ بمَائةٍ، ونَقَدْتُه إيَّاها. ولا بَيِّنَةَ لواحِدٍ منهما، فإنْ أَنْكَرَهما زيدٌ، حَلَفَ، وكانتِ العَيْنُ له. وإِنْ أقرَّ بها لأحَدِهما، سَلَّمَها إليه، وحَلَفَ للآخَرِ. وإن أقرَّ لكُلِّ واحِدٍ منهما بنِصْفِها، سُلِّمتْ إليهما، وحَلَفَ لكُلِّ (٢٥) واحدٍ منهما على نِصْفِها. وإِنْ قال: لا أعْلَمُ لمَنْ هى منكما. أُقْرِعَ بينَهما، فمنْ خَرَجَتْ له القُرْعَةُ، حَلَفَ وأخذَها. وإِنْ حَلَفَ البائِعُ أنَّها له، ثم أقَرَّ بها لأحَدِهما، سُلِّمَتْ (٢٦) إليه، ثم إِنْ أقَرَّ بها للآخَرِ، لَزِمَه (٢٧) غَرَامَتُها له. وإِنْ أقامَ كلُّ واحدٍ منهما بما ادَّعاه بَيِّنَةً، نظَرْنا؛ فإنْ كانت البَيِّنَتَان مُؤرَّختَيْن بتارِيخَيْن مُخْتَلِفَين، مثل أَنْ يدَّعِىَ أحدُهما أنَّه اشْتَراها فى المُحرَّمِ، وادَّعى الآخَرُ أنَّه اشْتَرَاها فى صَفَر، وشهدَتْ بينِّةُ كُلِّ واحِدٍ منهما للآخَرِ بدَعْواه، فهى للأوَّلِ؛ لأنَّه ثَبَتَ أنَّه باعَها للأوَّل، فزالَ مِلْكُه عنها، فيكونُ بَيْعُه فى صَفر باطِلًا، لكَوْنِه باعَ ما لا يَمْلِكُه، ويُطالَبُ برَدِّ الثَّمَنِ. وإِنْ كانتا مؤَرَّخَتيْن بتَاريخ واحِدٍ، أو مُطْلَقَتَيْن، أو إحداهُما مُطْلَقةٌ والأُخْرَى مُؤرَّخَةٌ، تَعارَضَتَا؛ لتِعذُّرِ الجَمْعِ، فيُنْظَرُ فى العَيْنِ، فإنْ كانتْ فى يَدِ أحَدِهما، انْبَنَى ذلك على الخِلافِ فى بَيِّنَةِ الدَّاخِلِ والخَارِجِ، فمنْ قَدَّمَ بَيِّنَةَ الدَّاخِلِ، جَعَلها لمنْ هى فى يَده، ومنْ قَدَّم بَيِّنَةٌ الخَارِجِ، جَعَلها للخَارِجِ. وإِنْ كانتْ فى يدِ البَائِعِ، وقُلْنا: تسْقُطُ البيِّنتان. رُجِعَ إلى البَائِعِ، فإنْ أنْكَرَهما، حلفَ لهما، وكانتْ له، وإِنْ أقرَّ لأحَدِهما، سُلِّمَتْ إليه، وحَلَفَ للآخَرِ، وإِنْ أقَرَّ لهما، فهى بينهما، ويَحْلِفُ لكُلِّ واحِدٍ منهما على نِصْفِها، كما لو لم تكُنْ لهما بَيِّنَةٌ. وإِنْ قُلْنا: لا تسْقطُ البَيِّنَتَان. لم يُلْتَفَتْ إلى إنْكَارِه ولا اعْتِرَافه. وهذا قولُ القَاضِى، أكثرِ أصْحَابِ الشَّافِعِىِّ؛ لأنَّه قد ثَبَتَ زَوَالُ مِلْكِه، وأنَّ يدَهُ لا حُكْمَ لها، فلا حُكْم لِقَوْلِه، فمنْ قال: يُقْرَعُ بينهما. [أُقْرِعَ بينهما] (٢٨)، فمَنْ خَرَجَتْ له القُرْعَةُ، فهى له مع يَمِينِه. وهذا قَوْلُ القَاضِى، لم يذكُرْ شيْئًا

الحواشي

(٢٥) فى ب، م: "الكل".(٢٦) فى ب: "سلمها".(٢٧) فى ب، م: "لزمته".(٢٨) سقط من: ب.

السابقمجلد 14 · صفحة 297التالي
السابق14·297التالي